Cyanogenesis in plants and arthropods

Zagrobelny, Mika; Bak, Søren; Møller, Birger Lindberg

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.019

Cited by 223 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…This observation indicates a cumulative negative effect caused by expression of these transgenes. This observation is very similar to those observed by Zagrobelny, Bak, Ekstrøm et al (2007), Zagrobelny, Bak, Olsen et al (2007), and Zagrobelny et al (2008), showing the cumulative negative effect of β-glucosidases at different and subsequent stages of the life cycle in the Lepidopteran Zygaena filipendulae grown on L. japonicus. Thus, it appears that the heterologous expression of Gm-NPR1-2 and Gm-βg-4 functions in a similar manner producing an effective action that progressively and negatively impacts the M. incognita parasitism in G. hirsutum.…”

Section: Gm-β-glucosidase Is Part Of a Conserved Cellular Process Thasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The experiments show that genes functioning in defense in the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem function effectively to control M. incognita parasitism in G. hirsutum. Furthermore, there appears to be a cumulative negative effect on the different stages of the M. incognita life cycle which is a characteristic of β-glycosidases that function in defense in other plant-pathogen systems (Zagrobelny et al 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

Pant

McNeece

Sharma

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Experiments in Glycine max (soybean) identified the expression of the salicylic acid signaling and defense gene NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) in root cells (i.e., syncytium) parasitized by the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines undergoing the process of resistance. Gm-NPR1-2 overexpression in G. max effectively suppresses parasitism by H. glycines. The heterologous expression of Gm-NPR1-2 in Gossypium hirsutum impairs the ability of the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to form root galls, egg sacs, eggs and second-stage juvenile (J2) nematodes.In related experiments, a G. max β-glycosidase (Gm-βg-4) related to Lotus japonicus secreted defense gene α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase LjBGD7 suppresses M. incognita parasitism. The results identify a cumulative negative effect that the transgenes have on M. incognita parasitism and demonstrate that the G. max-H. glycines pathosystem is a useful tool to identify defense genes that function in other agriculturally relevant plant species to plant parasitic nematodes with different strategies of parasitism.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Gm-β-glucosidase Is Part Of a Conserved Cellular Process Thasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

Pant

McNeece

Sharma

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…These phytoanticipins are stored in the vacuole, and cyanide is released during tissue disruption (Zagrobelny et al, 2008). By contrast, cyanide release and camalexin synthesis are directly coupled.…”

Section: Camalexin Biosynthesis Is Linked To Cyanide Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifunctional Enzyme CYP71B15 (PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3) Converts Cysteine-Indole-3-Acetonitrile to Camalexin in the Indole-3-Acetonitrile Metabolic Network ofArabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2009

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Accumulation of camalexin, the characteristic phytoalexin of Arabidopsis thaliana, is induced by a great variety of plant pathogens. It is derived from Trp, which is converted to indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) by successive action of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79B2/B3 and CYP71A13. Extracts from wild-type plants and camalexin biosynthetic mutants, treated with silver nitrate or inoculated with Phytophthora infestans, were comprehensively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This metabolomics approach was combined with precursor feeding experiments to characterize the IAN metabolic network and to identify novel biosynthetic intermediates and metabolites of camalexin. Indole-3-carbaldehyde and indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were shown to originate from IAN. IAN conjugates with glutathione, g-glutamylcysteine, and cysteine [Cys(IAN)] accumulated in challenged phytoalexin deficient3 (pad3) mutants. Cys(IAN) rescued the camalexin-deficient phenotype of cyp79b2 cyp79b3 and was itself converted to dihydrocamalexic acid (DHCA), the known substrate of CYP71B15 (PAD3), by microsomes isolated from silver nitrate-treated Arabidopsis leaves. Surprisingly, yeast-expressed CYP71B15 also catalyzed thiazoline ring closure, DHCA formation, and cyanide release with Cys(IAN) as substrate. In conclusion, in the camalexin biosynthetic pathway, IAN is derivatized to the intermediate Cys (IAN), which serves as substrate of the multifunctional cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP71B15.

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“…In cyanogenic plants, cyanide is produced during the degradation of cyanogenic lipids and from the catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides (Poulton, 1990). Cyanide and cyanogenic compounds play an important role in plant defense against herbivores (Zagrobelny et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Is Essential for Root Hair Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2010

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Cyanide is stoichiometrically produced as a coproduct of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and is detoxified by b-cyanoalanine synthase enzymes. The molecular and phenotypical analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants of the mitochondrial b-cyanoalanine synthase CYS-C1 suggests that discrete accumulation of cyanide is not toxic for the plant and does not alter mitochondrial respiration rates but does act as a strong inhibitor of root hair development. The cys-c1 null allele is defective in root hair formation and accumulates cyanide in root tissues. The root hair defect is phenocopied in wild-type plants by the exogenous addition of cyanide to the growth medium and is reversed by the addition of hydroxocobalamin or by genetic complementation with the CYS-C1 gene. Hydroxocobalamin not only recovers the root phenotype of the mutant but also the formation of reactive oxygen species at the initial step of root hair tip growth. Transcriptional profiling of the cys-c1 mutant reveals that cyanide accumulation acts as a repressive signal for several genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall rebuilding and the formation of the root hair tip as well as genes involved in ethylene signaling and metabolism. Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial b-cyanoalanine synthase activity is essential to maintain a low level of cyanide for proper root hair development.

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Cyanogenesis in plants and arthropods

Cited by 223 publications

References 118 publications

The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

The heterologous expression of aGlycine maxhomolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogenMeloidogyne incognitainGossypium hirsutum

The Multifunctional Enzyme CYP71B15 (PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3) Converts Cysteine-Indole-3-Acetonitrile to Camalexin in the Indole-3-Acetonitrile Metabolic Network ofArabidopsis thaliana

Mitochondrial β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Is Essential for Root Hair Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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