Cyanobacterial toxins in Italian freshwaters

Messineo, Valentina; Bogialli, Sara; Melchiorre, Serena; Sechi, Nicola; Lugliè, Antonella Gesuina Laura; Casiddu, Paola; Mariani, Maria Antonietta; Padedda, Bachisio Mario; Corcia, Antonio Di; Mazza, Roberto; Carloni, Ermanno; Bruno, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.limno.2008.09.001

Cited by 79 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…of the blooms, while Dolichospermum bloomed in 2003, but after that low densities were reported sporadically over the years (Sulis et al, 2014). The overall density of CB community during our study was about 10 times lower than what was observed before (Messineo et al, 2009;Sulis et al, 2014), but an even more complex alternation of species was observed. P. rubescens was always present and generally dominant until summer 2012, with the typical trend of depth blooms in summer and more homogeneous distribution along the water column during the other seasons (Kurmayer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The CB with the highest density described so far are the Planktothrix and Microcystis genera, which have been responsible for the most frequent onset of blooms, while the Dolichospermum genus, except for a bloom in 2003, appeared sporadically (Sulis et al, 2014). To our knowledge, data on MCs in this lake have been assessed only in two occasions and were associated with the presence of P. rubescens (Messineo et al, 2009;Sulis et al, 2014). A recent 18-month study on four reservoirs in Northern Sardinia showed significantly different seasonal variations in CB community composition, with several toxigenic species, and large variability in MCs concentrations (Mariani et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Indeed, cyanobacteria have become dominant in many reservoirs over time Lugliè, 1992, 1996;Aktan et al, 2009;Pulina et al, 2011). However, only a few studies have assessed the presence of CTX, namely MCs (Messineo et al, 2009;Sulis et al, 2014;Mariani et al, 2015). Furthermore, a toxic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing, associated with a fish kill event, was isolated in Lake Liscia (Pellegrini et al, 1995), and a toxic bloom of Planktothrix rubescens (formerly Oscillatoria rubescens) (de Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis and Komárek was documented in 1986 in the Flumendosa reservoir (Loizzo et al, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

et al. 2017

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Seasonal blooms of cyanobacteria (CB) are a typical feature of Lake Alto Flumendosa (Sardinia, Italy). The waters of this lake are used for drinking water supply, for agricultural and industrial uses, and fish farming activities. Since cyanotoxins are not monitored in edible organisms, diet could be a relevant route of human exposure. CB also represent a threat for the health of wild and domestic animals that use lake water for beverage. Therefore, to characterize the CB community and assess the risk for human and animal population, CB dynamic, mcyB+ fraction, and microcystins (MCs) concentration have been followed monthly for 18 months, in three stations. Results confirmed the presence of several toxigenic species. Planktothrix rubescens dominated between August 2011 and April 2012 (3.5×106 cells L-1), alternating with Woronichinia naegeliana (8×106 cells L-1) and Microcystis botrys (9×105 cells L-1). Dolichospermum planctonicum was always present at low densities (104 cells L-1). MCs were detected, at values well below the 1 µg L-1 threshold of WHO for drinking water. The molecular analysis of mcyB gene for P. rubescens indicated the presence of a persistent toxic population (average 0.45 mcyB/16S rDNA). Highly significant linear regressions were found between P. rubescens and the sum of the demethylated MC variants, and between M. botrys and the sum of MC-LR and MC-LA, also when co-occurring, suggesting that these two species were responsible for different MC patterns production. The regression lines indicated a quite stable MC cell quota. However, in some spotted samples very different values were obtained for both MC concentrations and cell quota (from 10-fold lower to 30-40-fold higher than the ‘average’) showing an unexpected significant variability in the rate of toxin production. The relatively low cell densities during the monitoring period is consistent with the low-to absent MC contamination level found in trout muscle; however, the analytical method was affected by low recovery, probably due to MC-protein binding. Our results show that, during the study period, no risk of exposure for the human and animal population occurred. However, the persistence of a complex CB community characterised by a significant toxic fraction suggests the need for periodic monitoring activity. Particularly, the hidden deep summer P. rubescens blooms, located where water is taken for drinking water supply, and M. botrys, able to produce the most toxic MC variants with high cell quota, should be kept under control. The documentation and interpretation of sudden changes in toxins concentrations deserve special attention. This is particularly relevant in proximity of fish farming plants and water catchment sites.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

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“…Evidence is accumulating, however, to show that strains belonging to this species also synthesize CYN elsewhere. The toxin has been reported in freshwater bodies in Italy (Messineo et al, 2009), the Czech Republic (Bláhová et al, 2009), Poland (Kokocinski et al, 2009) and France (Brient et al, 2009), which contained Aph. flos-aquae, Aph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…in European water bodies (Bláhová et al, 2008;Brient et al, 2009;Kokocinski et al, 2009;Messineo et al, 2009). However, no genetic data on the CYN genes of Aphanizomenon sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cylindrospermopsin gene cluster of Aphanizomenon sp. strain 10E6: organization and recombination

Stüken

Jakobsen

2010

Microbiology

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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a potent hepatoxin, occurs in freshwaters worldwide. Several cyanobacterial species produce the toxin, but the producing species vary between geographical regions. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a common algae species in temperate fresh and brackish waters, is one of the three well-documented CYN producers in European waters. So far, no genetic information on the CYN genes of this species has been available. Here, we describe the complete CYN gene cluster, including flanking regions from the German Aphanizomenon sp. strain 10E6 using a full genome sequencing approach by 454 pyrosequencing and bioinformatic identification of the gene cluster. In addition, we have sequenced a~7 kb fragment covering the genes cyrC (partially), cyrA and cyrB (partially) of the same gene cluster in the CYN-producing Aphanizomenon sp. strains 10E9 and 22D11. Comparisons with the orthologous gene clusters of the Australian Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains AWT205 and CS505 and the partial gene cluster of the Israeli Aphanizomenon ovalisporum strain ILC-146 revealed a high gene sequence similarity, but also extensive rearrangements of gene order. The high sequence similarity (generally higher than that of 16S rRNA gene fragments from the same strains), atypical GCcontent and signs of transposase activities support the suggestion that the CYN genes have been horizontally transferred.

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Homeland Security

Crawford

Hill

2012

Mass Spectrometry Handbook

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Cyanobacterial toxins in Italian freshwaters

Cited by 79 publications

References 56 publications

Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

Cyanobacterial dynamics and toxins concentrations in Lake Alto Flumendosa, Sardinia, Italy

The cylindrospermopsin gene cluster of Aphanizomenon sp. strain 10E6: organization and recombination

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