Cyanobacterial community and microcystin production in a recreational reservoir with constant Microcystis blooms

First Detection of Microcystin-LR in the Amazon River at the Drinking Water Treatment Plant of the Municipality of Macapá, Brazil

“…Despite this strong evidence, it cannot be confirmed that L. planctonica or one of the cyanobacteria found in the monitoring of the DWTP was responsible for the production of MC-LR, since the cyanotoxin-related molecular marker ( mcyE ) was detected in an environmental sample that might have contained many other species, including picoplanktonic or nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria, that could not be observed with the inverted microscope. This problem has been reported in other studies, such as [53], and is due to both the usual 400x magnification of the inverted microscope analysis and the difficulty of processing whitewater river samples because of the large amount of solids that make planktonic organisms difficult to see [71,72].…”

“…MC-LR production has also been reported in Leptolyngbya cultures obtained in Brazil from a recreation reservoir in São Paulo [53]. Another case of MC-LR production was detected in Leptolyngbya strains obtained from a sewage treatment system (stabilization pond) [48].…”

Exploring the Microbiota of the Guarapiranga Water Reservoir With Long-Read Sequencing Technology

“…Therefore, Brazil and several other countries have set national standards for cyanotoxins in drinking and recreational waters (Hudnell, 2008). Microcystins are the most common cyanotoxins in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems (Genuário et al, 2016). Unlike toxins, the taste-and-odor compounds are not actually toxic and, usually, there are no regulations for the presence of these compounds in drinking water.…”