Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Ameliorates Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels remains unknown. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors regulate postprandial hyperglycemia by impeding carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine. Here, the effect of C3G on α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition and its ability to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. ICR normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice were orally administered soluble starch alone or with C3G or acarbose. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of C3G for α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 13.72 and 7.5 μM, respectively, suggesting that C3G was more effective than acarbose. The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was more significantly reduced in the C3G groups than in the control group for both diabetic and normal mice. The area under the curve for the diabetic mice was significantly reduced following C3G administration. C3G may be a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and may delay dietary carbohydrate absorption.

Impact of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Antiglycoxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Capacities of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside

“…Considering the intestinal location of such enzymes, evaluations focused on the comparison of undigested and intestinal matrices. In accordance with previous investigations [ 35 , 36 ], a substantial inhibition capacity was determined for undigested C3G. Moreover, with an IC 50 of 22.7 ± 7.1 μmol/L, C3G was shown to exert a stronger effect ( p < 0.05) than the acarbose positive control (IC 50 = 340.2 ± 21.2 μmol/L).…”

“…Interestingly, these results can be tied to previous in vivo investigations of C3G antidiabetic potential. Indeed, its marked inhibition potency on α-glucosidase should substantially contribute to its hypoglycemic effect reported in diabetic mice [ 36 ]. More generally, these data suggest that the consumption of C3G-rich fruits and vegetables might improve glycemic regulation in T2D.…”

In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activity, and Probiotic Activities of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strains

“…Glucosidase enzymes are expressed at the intestinal brush border and degrade complex oligosaccharides and disaccharides into glucose, which is subsequently absorbed in the intestine [ 8 ]. The concentration and activity of intestinal glucosidases determine the postprandial blood glucose levels [ 9 , 10 ]. Inhibition of α-glucosidase, which catalyzes the final stage of the process of polysaccharides digestion, decreases postprandial glucose levels by delaying the release and absorption of glucose and consequently inhibits postprandial hyperglycemia, delays carbohydrate metabolism, and prevents excessive glucose absorption.…”

Clinical applications and mechanism insights of natural flavonoids against type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The anti-diabetic activity of cyanidin ( Fig. 8 ) has been investigated by several researchers [ [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [191] , [192] , [193] , [194] ]. In studies conducted by Daveri et al and Tsuda et al [ 191 , 193 , 194 ], the impact of cyanidin-based treatment on glycemic-related parameters was evaluated in different animal models.…”