Cyanide Utilization and Degradation by Microorganisms

Knowles, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/9780470513712.ch2

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because of the abundance of cyanide in the primordial atmosphere, it is possible that primitive bacteria evolved rhodanese-based cyanide detoxification systems during passage from the anaerobic to the aerobic lifestyle [Knowles, 1976]. However, throughout macroevolutionary history, the ancestral rhodanese functions may have diversified to serve other cellular requirements, e.g.…”

Section: Rhodanesessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Despite being a metabolic inhibitor, cyanide and chemically related compounds are synthesized, excreted and degraded in nature by hundreds of species of bacteria, algae, fungi, plants, and insects [Knowles, 1976]. It is produced as a defensive metabolite [Vetter, 2000], as a virulence factor [Gallager and Manoil, 2001], or as part of the active iron-cyanide complexes of catalytic proteins such as NiFe-hydrogenases [Reissmann et al, 2003].…”

Section: Natural Sources Of Cyanidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzymatic Detoxification of Cyanide: Clues from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Rhodanese

Cipollone

Ascenzi

Tomao³

et al. 2008

Microb Physiol

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Cyanide is a dreaded chemical because of its toxic properties. Although cyanide acts as a general metabolic inhibitor, it is synthesized, excreted and metabolized by hundreds of organisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, plants, and insects, as a mean to avoid predation or competition. Several cyanide compounds are also produced by industrial activities, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Bioremediation has been exploited as a possible alternative to chemical detoxification of cyanide compounds, and various microbial systems allowing cyanide degradation have been described. Enzymatic pathways involving hydrolytic, oxidative, reductive, and substitution/transfer reactions are implicated in detoxification of cyanide by bacteria and fungi. Amongst enzymes involved in transfer reactions, rhodanese catalyzes sulfane sulfur transfer from thiosulfate to cyanide, leading to the formation of the less toxic thiocyanate. Mitochondrial rhodanese has been associated with protection of aerobic respiration from cyanide poisoning. Here, the biochemical and physiological properties of microbial sulfurtransferases are reviewed in the light of the importance of rhodanese in cyanide detoxification by the cyanogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Critical issues limiting the application of a rhodanese-based cellular system to cyanide bioremediation are also discussed.

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Section: Rhodanesessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Natural Sources Of Cyanidementioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Detoxification of Cyanide: Clues from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Rhodanese

Cipollone

Ascenzi

Tomao³

et al. 2008

Microb Physiol

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“…The medium for the multiplication of Pseudomonas stutzeri had the following composition per litre of distilled water: 1.0 g of K 2 The single inocula of both bacterial cultures were incubated in a Gallenkamp orbital incubator (Gallenkamp, England) for 24 h and diluted with sterile distilled water to optical densities of 0.1-0.6 measured in a Spectrumlab 23A spectrophotometer (Ningbo Tianyu Optoelectronic Co., China) at 600 nm. Mixed culture inocula (1:1 ratio) was similarly grown, reduced to 500 mL each, combined and diluted with sterile distilled water to optical densities of 0.1-0.6 measured at 600 nm.…”

Section: Development Of Inoculamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castric and Conn (27) reported the metabolism of cyanide by Bacillus and proposed the presence of a metabolic pathway involving the condensation of serine with cyanide to form betacyanoalanine followed by the hydrolysis of the latter to asparagine and then to aspartic acid. Growth of Pseudomonas in a cyanide medium requires that cyanide be enzymatically converted to ammonia which is then readily assimilated into cellular nitrogen (2,28). Co-culturing microorganisms in cyanide contaminated soils have also been previously reported as an efficient method of controlling environmental pollution (29,30).…”

Section: ) (20)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its toxicity to living cells is as a result of three major mechanisms: strong chelation to metals in metallo-enzymes; reaction with keto compounds to form cyanohydrin derivatives of enzyme substrates; and reaction with Schiff-base intermediates during enzymic reactions to form stable nitrile derivatives (1,2). Cyanide is a major inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase as well as haemoproteins and other metal-containing oxidases or oxygenases (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Degradation of soil cyanide by single and mixed cultures of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis

Nwokoro

Dibua

2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Summary The aim of this investigation was to study whether certain bacteria could be used for cyanide degradation in soil. The bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis were selected based on their good growth in a minimal medium containing 0.8 mg mL-1 potassium cyanide (KCN). In this study we tested their ability to reduce cyanide levels in a medium containing 1.5 mg mL-1 of KCN. Although both microorganisms reduced cyanide levels, Pseudomonas stutzeri was the more effective test organism. Later on, the selected cultures were grown, diluted and their various cell concentrations were used individually and in combination to test their ability of cyanide degradation in soil samples collected around a cassava processing mill. Bacillus subtilis caused degradation of soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil immediately with an inoculum concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) to 0.072 mg g-1 soil after 10 days with an inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) implying a 66.9 % reduction. Pseudomonas stutzeri cell concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) decreased soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil initially to 0.061 mg g-1 soil after 10 days with an inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) (72 % reduction). The mixed culture of the two bacteria produced the best degradation of soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil sample with a combined inoculum concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) initially to 0.025 mg g-1 soil with a combined inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) after 10 days incubation resulting in an 88.5 % degradation of soil cyanide. The analysed bacteria displayed high cyanide degradation potential and may be useful for efficient decontamination of cyanide contaminated sites.

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Hydrolysis and Formation of CN Bonds

1995

Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

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Cyanide Utilization and Degradation by Microorganisms

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Enzymatic Detoxification of Cyanide: Clues from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Rhodanese

Enzymatic Detoxification of Cyanide: Clues from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Rhodanese

Degradation of soil cyanide by single and mixed cultures of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis

Hydrolysis and Formation of CN Bonds

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