Cyanide toxicity from acetonitrile-containing false nail remover

Geller, Richard J.; Ekins, Brent R.; Iknoian, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/0735-6757(91)90093-y

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Acute poisonings by ingestion of cyanide-containing or cyanogenic household substances and ingestion of cyanogenic plants have been reported more frequently in children than adults (Table 1). [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The amount of cyanide in the blood that is likely to prove toxic is imprecise and depends heavily on when the sample is drawn in comparison to the time of exposure, the specific cyanide compound or cyanogenic compound involved, the route of exposure, treatment provided before sampling (if any), and sample handling between collection and analysis. In adults, the blood cyanide level that is regarded as "toxic" is generally considered to be Ն1 mg/L (39 mol/L), and the "fatal" level is generally considered to exceed 2.6 to 3 mg/L (100 -115 mol/L).…”

Section: Sources Of Acute Cyanide Poisoning In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…5,7 Additional sources described in case reports include household or workplace substances containing cyanogenic compounds, cyanogenic foods, laetrile, and nitroprusside (Table 1). [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The sources of acute cyanide toxicity are similar between children and adults, although their relative frequency of poisoning varies with age. Acute poisonings by ingestion of cyanide-containing or cyanogenic household substances and ingestion of cyanogenic plants have been reported more frequently in children than adults (Table 1).…”

Section: Sources Of Acute Cyanide Poisoning In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pediatric Cyanide Poisoning: Causes, Manifestations, Management, and Unmet Needs

Geller

Barthold

Saiers³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

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Confirmed cases of childhood exposure to cyanide are rare despite multiple potential sources including inhalation of fire smoke, ingestion of toxic household and workplace substances, and ingestion of cyanogenic foods. Because of its infrequent occurrence, medical professionals may have difficulty recognizing cyanide poisoning, confirming its presence, and treating it in pediatric patients. The sources and manifestations of acute cyanide poisoning seem to be qualitatively similar between children and adults, but children may be more vulnerable than adults to poisoning from some sources. The only currently available antidote in the United States (the cyanide antidote kit) has been used successfully in children but has particular risks associated with its use in pediatric patients. Because hemoglobin kinetics vary with age, methemoglobinemia associated with nitrite-based antidotes may be excessive at standard adult dosing in children. A cyanide antidote with a better risk/benefit ratio than the current agent available in the United States is desirable. The vitamin B12 precursor hydroxocobalamin, which has been used in Europe, may prove to be an attractive alternative to the cyanide antidote kit for pediatric patients. In this article we review the available data on the sources, manifestations, and treatment of acute cyanide poisoning in children and discuss unmet needs in the management of pediatric cyanide poisoning.

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Section: Sources Of Acute Cyanide Poisoning In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sources Of Acute Cyanide Poisoning In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Cyanide Poisoning: Causes, Manifestations, Management, and Unmet Needs

Geller

Barthold

Saiers³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

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“…Blood from the heel sticks is chocolate-brown and does not become pink when exposed to room air. 1 In the absence of cyanide level determinations, lethargy, vomiting, seizures, and the lack of normal venous blood hemoglobin desaturation are clues to cyanide toxicity. 3 Diagnosis can be confirmed by excluding other causes of cyanosis and by spectrophotometric analysis of blood for methemoglobin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Its oxidation metabolite phenyl hydroxylamine is presumably one of the most potent chemical producers of methemoglobin. Accidentally drinking small amounts of acetone/nail polish remover is unlikely to harm in an adult, however even small amounts can be dangerous to children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment of a Child with Toxic Methemoglobinemia due to Nail Polish Remover Poisoning

Patra

Sikka²,

Bose

et al. 2012

Bangladesh J Child Health

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“…Many cases have described cyanide poisoning with altered mental status, cardiorespiratory instability, vomiting, severe metabolic acidosis, and generalized seizure in patients, resolving only with sodium thiosulfate [97][98][99]. In one case, a 16-month-old child consumed acetonitrile-containing nail glue remover, which was confused for acetone-containing nail polish remover by the poison control telephone operators.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%