CXCR3 Binding Chemokine and TNFSF14 Over Expression in Bladder Urothelium of Patients With Ulcerative Interstitial Cystitis

Abstract

Our study using DNA microarray analysis followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction reveals over expression of genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, including T-helper type 1 related chemokines, and cytokines such as CXCR3 binding chemokines and TNFSF14. These genes may be potential interstitial cystitis biomarkers.

A Novel Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammatory and Overactive Bladder by a Single Intravesical Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…Numerous neutrophils are observed in the urothelial blood vessels and the submucosal connective tissue in biopsies from IC patients (1). Increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels are observed in biopsies (41) and urine specimens taken from IC patients (42 -46). Thus, the pathophysiology of H 2 O 2 -induced long-lasting inflammatory and overactive bladder is likely to reproduce a cycle of chronic inflammation in the bladder, which may represent common mechanisms for chronic cystitis, such as IC (47).…”

Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Mediated Gene Therapy of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockade for Bladder Overactivity and Nociception in Rats

“…In patients with IC/BPS proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, 6 and 8, and TNF␣ are increased in the bladder and/or urine. 4,30 Thus, although the etiology of IC/BPS seems to be multifactorial, neurogenic inflammation induced by a mechanism involving TNF␣ signaling could have an important role in the pathophysiological basis of the disease.…”

“…3 TNF␣ expression is also reportedly up-regulated in many painful diseases, including IC/BPS. 4 There are 2 types of TNF␣ receptor. TNF␣ receptor expressed on the cell surface is transformed to the soluble type, TNF␣sR, which circulates systemically in blood.…”

Cyclosporine A for Refractory Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: Experience of 3 Tertiary Centers

“…7 Biopsies from visibly normal bladder areas in patients with HL have shown inflammation on conventional histology 7 and inflammatory gene expression on microarray analysis. 24,25 Thus, some patients without HL may have ongoing bladder inflammation that responds to CyA. Another explanation is that CyA has several effects that may benefit IC/BPS in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties.…”