CXCL10 and CXCL13 chemokines in patients with relapsing remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Neurofilament levels, disease activity and brain volume during follow-up in multiple sclerosis

“…As long as there is no absolute correlation between CSF- and S-NFL, it seems clear that CSF levels should better reflect CNS pathology than blood, as supported by the stronger associations that we see between CSF-NFL and NEDA-3 as well as T2 lesions and brain volume, compared with S-NFL. Also, some markers of inflammation, such as the chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL13, have been reported to be elevated and to correlate with disease activity when measured in the CSF, but not in plasma [ 13 , 32 , 33 ]. Since CSF analysis is recommended in the diagnostic process [ 34 ], it is uncontroversial and appropriate to include NFL and other biomarkers in CSF at this stage.…”

Biomarkers and Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis : A cohort study on patients with clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

“…In our cohort, CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL13 and CCL22 levels in CSF were associated with new T2 lesions during follow-up. The chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL13 have been reported to be elevated and to correlate with disease activity when measured in the CSF, but not in plasma, by others as well [75,79,114]. Elevated levels of CCL22 in CSF [71,74] and decrease after treatment with natalizumab [74] has been reported by others too, as has elevated CXCL1 levels in CSF from MS patients in comparison to controls [71].…”

“…In MS, CXCL10 is thought to recruit activated T cells and macrophages to the sites of inflammation in the CNS. Elevated CXCL10 levels in CSF from MS patients in comparison to controls [71][72][73]75] and decrease on treatment with rituximab [73] and natalizumab [74] have been reported.…”

“…CXCL13 levels have been shown to be associated with risk of conversion from CIS to MS [76]. In MS, CXCL13 has been reported to be elevated in CSF [75,77,78] and to be associated with disease exacerbations and unfavorable prognosis [76]. CXCL13 levels decrease after treatment with natalizumab and rituximab, respectively [47,79].…”

Investigating the Causal Effect of Brain Expression of CCL2, NFKB1, MAPK14, TNFRSF1A, CXCL10 Genes on Multiple Sclerosis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Approach

“…CXCL10 or IP-10 is a member of the CXC subtype of the chemokine superfamily and is expressed in astrocytes, glial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and hepatocytes (Kasama et al, 2011;Vazirinejad et al, 2014;Iwanowski et al, 2017). Its role in the pathogenesis of MS is based on chemoattracting Th1 to CNS (Dufour et al, 2002;Sørensen et al, 2002;Iwanowski et al, 2017). NF-κB transcriptional activation in endothelial and in microglia cells enhances CXCL10 induction in response to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (Harris et al, 2014).…”