CW room temperature operation of a diode cascade InGaAs-AlGaAs quantum well VCSEL

Knodl, T.; Jäger, R.; Grabherr, M.; King, Roger; Kicherer, M.; Miller, M.D.; Mederer, F.; Ebeling, Karl Joachim

doi:10.1109/leos.1999.813518

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Since that time a continuous wave, room-temperature demonstration of a BCL VCSEL has been reported by T. Kn€ odl et al [23] at 980 nm and a room temperature pulsed VCSEL has been demonstrated by Kim et al [24] at 1.55 mm. Kn€ odl et al have recently achieved external quantum efficiencies of 130 % and have observed the enhancement in efficiency directly on the modulation properties of the device [25].…”

Section: Electronmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct Modulation for Microwave Photonics

Iezekiel

2009

Microwave Photonics

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Today, nearly 100 companies are involved in the transport of RF or microwave signals over fibre optics -primarily a modulated RF carrier residing on the optical signal. The applications for such systems range from in-building distribution of wireless signals (for example in shopping malls and tunnels), wireline interconnections between base stations and microcellular antennas, antenna remoting for various commercial (wing-tip antennas in aircraft) and military radar systems and broadcasting of cable television signals in both hybrid fibre coax (HFC) and triplexer based fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) systems. The simplest, lowest cost and hence most widely deployed system consists of a directly modulated laser, a length of optical fibre and a detector. This simple link is referred to as an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) system in contrast to externally modulated systems. While direct modulation links tend to be simpler and cheaper, generating and modulating the photons in a single device -the laser -clearly entails compromises in overall performance that can be avoided by separating these functions as in an externally modulated link. In particular, the effect of nonlinearity and noise must be considered (Figure 2.1). However, as we shall show here, the performance gap between externally modulated and directly modulated links can be narrowed with judicious design of the semiconductor laser.As in all optical systems, the performance requirements for the individual components are set by the overall system specifications. For analogue IM/DD links, the three most important system parameters for specifying optical components are unamplified link gain (typically À25 dB, best case þ 6 dB), unamplified link noise figure (typically 40 dB, best case 17 dB) and spurious free dynamic range (typically 100 dB-Hz 2/3 , best case 127 dB-Hz 2/3 ). The link gain is a simple function of the efficiency with which the laser can convert an electrical signal to a modulated optical waveform, the optical transmission loss and the efficiency for a detector to Microwave Photonics: Devices and Applications Edited by Stavros Iezekiel

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Section: Electronmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct Modulation for Microwave Photonics

Iezekiel

2009

Microwave Photonics

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“…Subsequently, Thomas et al demonstrated the first CW operating 980 nm MJ-VCSELs at RT. The study analyzed the scaling properties, influence of design variations on laser performance, and strategies for optimizing highly doped GaAs Esaki junctions which placed in the nodes of the standing wave pattern to reduce free-carrier absorption [54][55][56]. A high-performance three-stage device with a differential quantum efficiency of 130% (corresponding to a SE of ∼1.6 W A −1 ) was achieved, while a two-stage device exhibited a lower SE of less than 0.5 W A −1 .…”

Section: Mj-vcsel Device Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Liu,

Zhao,

Tang

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a highly promising light source with extensive applications in various fields, including consumer electronics, optical communication, metrology, sensing and ranging. Their low-cost, high conversion efficiency, and compact footprint make them particularly attractive for widespread adoption. While considerable success has been made in enhancing the performance and speed of VCSELs for optical communications, achieving high-power VCSELs with properties such as high output power, single transverse mode operation, and temperature stability for remote sensing applications remains a challenging endeavor. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development of high-power VCSELs. By examining the advancements in active materials, device designs, array configurations, this review seeks to shed light on the current state-of-the-art and potential avenues for further improvement in high-power VCSEL technology.

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“…Early research on multijunction VCSELs primarily focused on enhancing differential quantum efficiency and output power by cascading more active regions. In 1999, T. Knodl et al 29 first achieved a 3-junction 980 nm VCSEL operating at room temperature under pulsed driving, with a differential quantum efficiency of 8%. In 2001, T. Knodl et al achieved a maximum output power of ~9 mW for a 3-junction VCSEL operating at room temperature in CW mode, with a differential quantum efficiency of 130% 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-junction cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a high power conversion efficiency of 74%

Xiao,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Light Sci Appl

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High electro-optical conversion efficiency is one of the most distinctive features of semiconductor lasers as compared to other types of lasers. Its further increase remains a significant objective. Further enhancing the efficiency of edge-emitting lasers (EEL), which represent the highest efficiency among semiconductor lasers at present, is challenging. The efficiency of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) has always been relatively low compared to EEL. This paper, combining modeling with experiments, demonstrates the potential of multi-junction cascaded VCSELs to achieve high efficiency beyond that of EELs, our simulations show, that a 20-junction VCSEL can achieve an efficiency of more than 88% at room temperature. We fabricated VCSEL devices with different numbers of junctions and compared their energy efficiency. 15-junction VCSELs achieved a maximum efficiency of 74% at room temperature under nanosecond driving current, the corresponding differential quantum efficiency exceeds 1100%, being the largest electro-optical conversion efficiency and differential quantum efficiency reported until now for VCSELs.

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CW room temperature operation of a diode cascade InGaAs-AlGaAs quantum well VCSEL

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Direct Modulation for Microwave Photonics

Direct Modulation for Microwave Photonics

Advances in high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Multi-junction cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a high power conversion efficiency of 74%

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