Cuticular hydrocarbons as maternal provisions in embryos and nymphs of the cockroach <i>Blattella germanica</i>

Fan, Yongliang; Eliyahu, Dorit; Schal, Coby

doi:10.1242/jeb.009233

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found one copy of CYP4G1 in B. germanica, Z. nevadensis and C. secundus, but three copies in M. natalensis, reinforcing the greater importance of CHC synthesis in this higher termite. Corroborating the known importance of maternal CHCs in B. germanica 37 , CYP4G1 is overexpressed in female adults compared to nymphs (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 15).…”

Section: Nature Ecology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E usociality, the reproductive division of labour with overlapping generations and cooperative brood care, is one of the major evolutionary transitions in biology 1 . Although rare, eusociality has been observed in a diverse range of organisms, including shrimps, mole rats and several insect lineages [2][3][4] . A particularly striking case of convergent evolution occurred within the holometabolous Hymenoptera and in the hemimetabolous termites (Isoptera), which are separated by over 350 Myr of evolution 5 . Termites evolved within the cockroaches around 150 Myr ago, towards the end of the Jurassic period 6,7 , about 50 Myr before the first bees and ants appeared 5 . Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms common to both origins of eusociality is crucial to understanding the fundamental signatures of these rare evolutionary transitions. While the availability of genomes from many eusocial and non-eusocial hymenopteran species 8 has allowed extensive research into the origins of eusociality within ants and bees [9][10][11] , a paucity of genomic data from cockroaches and termites has precluded large-scale investigations into the evolution of eusociality in this hemimetabolous clade.The conditions under which eusociality arose differ greatly between the two groups. Termites and cockroaches are hemimetabolous and so show a direct development, while holometabolous hymenopterans complete the adult body plan during metamorphosis. In termites, workers are immatures and only reproductive castes are adults 12 , while in Hymenoptera, adult workers and queens represent the primary division of labour. Moreover, termites are diploid and their colonies consist of both male and female workers, and usually a queen and king dominate reproduction. This is in contrast to the haplodiploid system found in Hymenoptera, in which all workers and dominant reproductives are female. It is therefore intriguing that strong similarities have evolved convergently within the termites and the hymenopterans, such as differentiated castes and a nest life with reproductive division of labour. The termites can be subdivided into wood-dwelling and foraging termites. The former belong to the lower termites and produce simple, small colonies with totipotent workers that can become reproductives. Foraging termites (some lower and all higher termites) form large, complex societies, in which worker castes can be irreversible 12 . For this reason, higher, but not lower, termites can be classed as superorganismal 13 . Similarly, within Hymenoptera, varying levels of eusociality exist.Here we provide insights into the molecular signatures of eusociality within the termites. We analysed the genomes of two lower and one higher termite species and compared them to the genome

show abstract

Section: Nature Ecology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydrocarbons comprise a major (even > 95%) fraction of the cuticular lipids in the German cockroach . To explore the molecular mechanism underlying insecticide penetration resistance, we performed a functional characterization of CYP4G19 , the only member assigned to the CYP4G clan in the B. germanica genome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a major fraction of cuticular lipids, CHCs covering the epicuticle are primarily responsible for water retention, act as chemical communication cues, and also constitute a barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics, including insecticides . Species‐specific CHC blends determine the melting temperature, which in turn affects the lipid‐based cuticular permeability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 In the bed bug, Cimax lectularius, the time-to-knockdown by insecticides was shown to be positively correlated with cuticle thickness, 15 and in pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae, thickening of the epicuticle was found to be accompanied by an enrichment of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). 9 As a major fraction of cuticular lipids, 9,16 CHCs covering the epicuticle are primarily responsible for water retention, 17 act as chemical communication cues, 18 and also constitute a barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics, including insecticides. 9,19 Species-specific CHC blends determine the melting temperature, which in turn affects the lipid-based cuticular permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Involvement of integument‐rich CYP4G19 in hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticular penetration resistance in Blattella germanica (L.)

Chen

Pei²,

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND Cuticle penetration plays an important role as a mechanism of insecticide resistance, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In Blattella germanica, the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP4G19, is overexpressed in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain. Here, we investigated whether CYP4G19 is involved in the biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and further contributes to cuticular penetration resistance in B. germanica. RESULTS Compared with the susceptible strain, pyrethroid‐resistant cockroaches showed lower cuticular permeability with Eosin Y staining. Removal of epicuticular lipids, mainly nonpolar hydrocarbons, with a hexane wash intensified the cuticular permeability and decreased the resistance index of the resistant strain. CYP4G19 was predominately expressed in the abdominal integument and could be upregulated by desiccation stress or short exposure to beta‐cypermethrin. Overexpression of CYP4G19 in the resistant strain was positively correlated with a higher level of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). RNAi‐mediated knockdown of CYP4G19 significantly decreased its expression and caused a reduction in CHCs. Meanwhile, CYP4G19 suppression resulted in a non‐uniform array of the lipid layer, enhanced cuticle permeability, and compromised insecticide tolerance. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that CYP4G19 is involved in hydrocarbon production and appears to contribute to hydrocarbon‐based penetration resistance in B. germanica. This study highlights the lipid‐based penetration resistance, advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying P450‐mediated cuticular penetration resistance in insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

“…However, their existence has never been tested. plant identity) (Panek et al, 2001;Fan et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2012;Wong et al, 2014). In this paper, we identified for the first time cuticular non-volatile compounds of female adults and nymphs of a treehopper species.…”

Section: Retention Index Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kin recognition in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Torrico-Bazoberry

Caceres-Sanchez

Flores‐Prado

et al. 2018

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Insects exhibiting parental care usually can discriminate between kin and non-kin individuals, allowing parents to avoid investment in foreign offspring.2. This study investigated the occurrence of kin recognition in the sap-feeding insect Alchisme grossa Fairmaire (Membracidae) through bioassays assessing median female distance to nymphs and degree of nymphal aggregation. Each bioassay involved groups consisting of a female and a cohort of kin or non-kin nymphs (mother and non-mother treatments, respectively). Furthermore, cuticular non-volatile compounds were extracted from nymphal cohorts, analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared between cohorts.3. In both treatments, nymphs performed a 'rocking behaviour' which appears to be correlated with aggregation. Temporal patterns of degree of nymphal aggregation and median female-nymph distance differed between treatments, the former parameter being higher in the mother treatment and the latter being higher in the non-mother treatment.4. A total of 40 compounds were found in the extracts. The composition of cuticular non-volatile compounds differed between nymphal cohorts. 5. These results support the notion that kin recognition in A. grossa is possibly mediated by nymphal rocking behaviour and/or cuticular non-volatile compounds (i.e. visual and/or chemical cues).

show abstract

Cuticular hydrocarbons as maternal provisions in embryos and nymphs of the cockroach Blattella germanica

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

Involvement of integument‐rich CYP4G19 in hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticular penetration resistance in Blattella germanica (L.)

Kin recognition in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About