Cuticular Hydrocarbon Plasticity in Three Rice Planthopper Species

Abstract

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are organic compounds of the surface lipid layer, which function as a barrier against water loss and xenobiotic penetration, while also serving as chemical signals. Plasticity of CHC profiles can vary depending upon numerous biological and environmental factors. Here, we investigated potential sources of variation in CHC profiles of Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera, which are considered to be the most important rice pests in Asia. CHC profiles were quantified by GC/MS, and factors associated with variations were explored by conducting principal component analysis (PCA). Transcriptomes were further compared under different environmental conditions. The results demonstrated that CHC profiles differ among three species and change with different developmental stages, sexes, temperature, humidity and host plants. Genes involved in cuticular lipid biosynthesis pathways are modulated, which might explain why CHC profiles vary among species under different environments. Our study illustrates some biological and ecological variations in modifying CHC profiles, and the underlying molecular regulation mechanisms of the planthoppers in coping with changes of environmental conditions, which is of great importance for identifying potential vulnerabilities relating to pest ecology and developing novel pest management strategies.

Chemotaxonomic Study of Cuticular Chemical Compounds on Male and Female of Anthidium amabile Alfken, 1932 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

“…Determining the factors associated with CHC variation in insects is an important general step toward understanding their evolution, and their potential utility in enhancing available pest monitoring and management strategies (Li et al 2021). Ngumbi et al (2020 find that identifying sex-related variation in CHCs in A. transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) could be useful in developing new or enhancing existing pest monitoring and management strategies.…”

“…Because males and females of the same species share the majority of their genomes, the genetic basis of sexspecific traits that evolve under sexual selection is poorly understood. It is widely assumed that sexually dimorphic regulation of gene expression facilitates sex-specific adaptations (Pei et al, 2021).…”

AdsRNAdelivery system based on the rosin‐modified polyethylene glycol and chitosan induces gene silencing and mortality inNilaparvata lugens

“…water, pesticides). Hydrocarbons may be the key substance to determine the hydrophobicity of BPH 42,43 . Therefore, lipophilic properties are essential elements in the design of nano‐formulation for pest control.…”

“…Hydrocarbons may be the key substance to determine the hydrophobicity of BPH. 42,43 Therefore, lipophilic properties are essential elements in the design of nano-formulation for pest control. In this study, the dsRNA/ROPE@C/APG nano-formulation included rosin, HACC, APG, and the dsRNA corresponding to NlCHSA.…”

CPR Gene Contributes to Integument Function and Ovary Development in a Rice Planthopper

“…ds GFP -injected nymphs were used as a control. CHCs were extracted from the females at 48 h after eclosion following a procedure used in our previous study [ 20 , 21 , 33 ]. Briefly, 10 females were immersed in 200 μL of n-hexane with 500 ng of n-heneicosane (C21) as an internal standard.…”