Cutaneous tuberculosis caused by isoniazid-resistant<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

Gharabaghi, Mehrnaz Asadi

doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-006253

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These Mycobacteria can be divided into two sub-categories, namely: slow growers ( M. haemophilum , M. leprae , M. marinum , M. ulcerans , and less regularly the M. avium complex, M. kansasii , M. malmoense , M. scrofulaceum ) and rapid/fast growers ( M. chelonae , M. fortuitum , and infrequently M. abscessus ). Rapidly growing organisms have a 7 day or less incubation period, whereas slow growers have a longer incubation time [ 32 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. M. bovis and the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, an attenuated strain of M. bovis , have moreover been reported to cause CTB [ 70 ].…”

Section: Cutaneous Tuberculosis An Extra-pulmonary Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapidly growing organisms have a 7 day or less incubation period, whereas slow growers have a longer incubation time [ 32 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. M. bovis and the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, an attenuated strain of M. bovis , have moreover been reported to cause CTB [ 70 ]. Infections by means of atypical mycobacteria appear primarily in immunocompromised populations and there is a tendency for dissemination, whereas CTB infection in immunocompetent hosts follows skin penetration.…”

Section: Cutaneous Tuberculosis An Extra-pulmonary Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2022

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Although chemotherapeutic treatment regimens are currently available, and considerable effort has been lavished on the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains deeply intractable and widespread. This is due not only to the nature of the life cycle and extraordinarily disseminated habitat of the causative pathogen, principally Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in humans and the multi-drug resistance of Mtb to current drugs, but especially also to the difficulty of enabling universal treatment of individuals, immunocompromised or otherwise, in widely differing socio-economic environments. For the purpose of globally eliminating TB by 2035, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the “End-TB” initiative by employing interventions focusing on high impact, integrated and patient-centered approaches, such as individualized therapy. However, the extraordinary shortfall in stipulated aims, for example in actual treatment and in TB preventative treatments during the period 2018–2022, latterly and greatly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, means that even greater pressure is now placed on enhancing our scientific understanding of the disease, repurposing or repositioning old drugs and developing new drugs as well as evolving innovative treatment methods. In the specific context of multidrug resistant Mtb, it is furthermore noted that the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) has significantly increased. This review focusses on the potential of utilizing self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs) as topical drug delivery systems for the dermal route of administration to aid in treatment of cutaneous TB (CTB) and other mycobacterial infections as a prelude to evaluating related systems for more effective treatment of CTB and other mycobacterial infections at large. As a starting point, we consider here the possibility of adapting the highly lipophilic riminophenazine clofazimine, with its potential for treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, for this purpose. Additionally, recently reported synergism achieved by adding clofazimine to first-line TB regimens signifies the need to consider clofazimine. Thus, the biological effects and pharmacology of clofazimine are reviewed. The potential of plant-based oils acting as emulsifiers, skin penetration enhancers as well as these materials behaving as anti-microbial components for transporting the incorporated drug are also discussed.

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Section: Cutaneous Tuberculosis An Extra-pulmonary Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutaneous Tuberculosis An Extra-pulmonary Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2022

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Nanomedicines in Tuberculosis: Diagnosis, Therapy and Nanodrug Delivery

Dakkah

Bataineh

Jaidi

et al. 2020

Engineering Materials

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Oral lichen planus: a microbiologist point of view

2021

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease of uncertain etiology, although it is generally considered as an immune-mediated disease that affects the mucous membranes and even the skin and nails. Over the years, this disease was attributed to a variety of causes, including different types of microorganisms. This review analyzes the present state of the art of the disease, from a microbiological point of view, while considering whether or not the possibility of a microbial origin for the disease can be supported. From the evidence presented here, OLP should be considered an immunological disease, as it was initially proposed, as opposed to an illness of microbiological origin. The different microorganisms so far described as putative disease-causing agents do not fulfill Koch’s postulates; they are, actually, not the cause, but a result of the disease that provides the right circumstances for microbial colonization. This means that, at this stage, and unless new data becomes available, no microorganism can be envisaged as the causative agent of lichen planus.

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Cutaneous tuberculosis caused by isoniazid-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Nanomedicines in Tuberculosis: Diagnosis, Therapy and Nanodrug Delivery

Oral lichen planus: a microbiologist point of view

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