Cutaneous scalp metastasis as the first indication of a clinically silent retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and of its further relapse as metastatic widespread disease

Alopecia neoplastica as a sign of visceral malignancies: a systematic review

“…Alopecia neoplastica was diagnosed after the diagnosis of the primary visceral tumour in 72.7% (88/121) cases and only in 2.5% (3/121) cases before the diagnosis of the visceral tumour, while in 24.8% (30/121) cases, the diagnosis was synchronous …”

“…Women were more represented with the 53.7% (66/123) of cases, compared to the 46.3% (57/123) of men . Median age of AN at onset was 59 (IQR: 47–68).…”

“…Regarding the primary site of malignancy, gastrointestinal (GI) tract accounted for 24.4% (30/123), breast for 17.9% (22/123) of cases, kidney for 8.1% (10/123), lung for 7.3% (9/123), thyroid for 7.3% (9/123), uterus for 6.5% (8/123), central nervous system (CNS) for 6.5% (8/123), liver for 3.3% (4/123) and other anatomic areas for 18.7% (23/123) of cases …”

“…Concerning histologic subtype of the primary tumour, carcinoma was the most reported with 53.7% (66/123) cases; of these, 38.2% (47/123) were adenocarcinomas, 7.3% (9/123) were squamous cell carcinomas and 0.8% (1/123) was a small cell carcinoma; while, in 7.3% (9/123) of cases, the type of carcinoma was not further specified . Regarding the remaining cases, 3.3% (4/123) primary tumours were leyomyosarcomas, 1.6% (2/123) were meningiomas, 40.7% (50/123) were other tumour subtypes and in one case of breast cancer, the histologic subtype was unknown (Table ) …”

“…Treatment of the primary tumour was reported in 84 performed treatment (alone in 23 cases; combined with surgery or radiotherapy, respectively, in 11 and 10 cases), followed by surgery (alone in 24 cases; combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, respectively, in 11 and three cases). 2,4,8,13,20,[22][23][24][29][30][31]33,[35][36][37][38][39]51,53,54,66,67,76,77,80,84,93,95,99,104,109,110,112,115…”