Cutaneous Protothecosis in Association With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Polk, Peggy; Sanders, Deborah A.

doi:10.1097/00007611-199708000-00012

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Data on potential therapy are drawn from isolated case reports, limited case series, and in vitro studies. No prospective clinical studies have been published comparing specific treatments for proto- (27), topical therapy with amphotericin B (61,77,125), ketoconazole (75,85,109), itraconazole (45,80,103,113,145), fluconazole (45,66,80), transfer factor (34), topical amphotericin B with systemic tetracyclines (52,152,157), systemic amphotericin B, with or without excision (66,87,115,116,150), and oral tetracyclines (61,139). Failed treatments involved tetracycline (52), itraconazole (15,86,125), fluconazole (84,115), flucytosine (48,104), and ketoconazole (88,94,115).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Protothecosis

2007

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SUMMARY Human protothecosis is a rare infection caused by members of the genus Prototheca. Prototheca species are generally considered to be achlorophyllic algae and are ubiquitous in nature. The occurrence of protothecosis can be local or disseminated and acute or chronic, with the latter being more common. Diseases have been classified as (i) cutaneous lesions, (ii) olecranon bursitis, or (iii) disseminated or systemic manifestations. Infections can occur in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, although more severe and disseminated infections tend to occur in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii have been associated with human disease. Usually, treatment involves medical and surgical approaches; treatment failure is not uncommon. Antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used drugs to date. Among them, amphotericin B displays the best activity against Prototheca spp. Diagnosis is largely made upon detection of characteristic structures observed on histopathologic examination of tissue.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Protothecosis

2007

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“…Three species are known: P. wickerhamii, P. zopfii and P. stagnora, but only the first two have been known as agent of disease in humans and animals 26 . There are more than 80 cases of protothecosis described in the literature 7,10,13,14,19,20,21,23,26,35 ; only one of which occurred in Brazil 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous protothecosis: report of the second Brazilian case

Follador

Bittencourt

Duran

et al. 2001

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The present report describes a case of cutaneous protothecosis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii in a non-immunocompromised female from the state of Bahia, Brazil. This is the second case described in Brazil. Dermatological examination revealed diffusely infiltrated erythematous plaques on the flexor aspect of the right arm and forearm. The authors emphasize the pathological aspects that can lead to misdiagnosis this condition. The patient was successfully treated with fluconazole.

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“…There are three previous reports of cutaneous protothecosis 7–9 and two of non‐cutaneous protothecosis in AIDS patients presenting with meningitis 10 and tenosynovitis 11 . Of the three patients with cutaneous protothecosis, two presented with localized crusted papules or plaques and one with an unhealed wound.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Each species and strain has a different susceptibility to commercial chlorinating agents 3 . P. wickerhamii and P. zopfii may rarely cause opportunistic infections, 4–6 mostly in hosts immunocompromised by diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid use, malignancy and chemotherapy, renal transplantation, systemic lupus erythematosus and HIV infection 7–11 . So far, there has been no reported human infection caused by P. stagnora .…”

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confidence: 99%