Cutaneous Manifestations of Selected Parasitic Infections in Western Pacific and Southeast Asian Regions

Abstract

Cutaneous manifestations of parasitic infections often result in discomfort, debilitation, and even stigmatization. Data on cutaneous manifestations of parasitic infections, however, are limited. This article provides updates on the cutaneous manifestations of parasitic infections which are known to occur in Western Pacific and Southeast Asian regions, such as scabies, pediculosis, cutaneous larva migrans, larva currens, cutaneous schistosomiasis, cutaneous enterobiasis, cutaneous cysticercosis, acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (lymphatic filariasis), and cutaneous amoebiasis. The lack of epidemiological data on these conditions suggests the need for improvements in recording and reporting of cases. Utilization of advance diagnostic modalities and capacity building of health workers are important for proper case management. Cutaneous manifestations of parasitic infections are a topic rarely studied and thus represent an opportunity for further research.

Cutaneous schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis coinfection: a case report

“…Finally, late cutaneous lesions may be caused by the deposition of eggs or, rarely, adult worms in the skin; the anogenital region is most commonly affected, because it is perfused by the venous circulation and is contiguous with the usual location of the worms . Few extragenital cases have been reported …”

“…The late cutaneous form of schistosomiasis is rare, and clinical detection is extremely challenging. The lack of sensitivity of stool examinations hinders early diagnosis, even in areas where the disease is endemic . In our patient, skin biopsy was the determining factor in establishing the diagnosis.…”

“…2 Few extragenital cases have been reported. 3 Periumbilical lesions may occur as the parasites pass from the left portal vein to the umbilicus, where there is an anastomosis with superficial and deep epigastric veins of the caval system. 2 In the case reported herein, disease progression with multiplication of parasite forms in the portal system caused the zosteriform lesions on the abdomen.…”

Parasites causing cutaneous wounds: Theory and practice from a dermatological point of view

“…Trophozoites can infect both healthy skin and wounds. CA is characterized by a well-defined infiltrated painful plaque, with purulent exudation and ulceration (Belizario et al, 2016). Necrosis of the skin is the consequence of the interaction between the host and the amoebas, which produce proteases, collagenases, hyaluronidases, n-acetylglucosaminidases, phospholipases and secretagogues (Magaña et al, 2008).…”

Cutaneous larva migrans – a threat to divers in the tropics

“…Ancylostoma braziliensis can live in the epidermis up to 200 days. Upon the infection larvae can remain dormant and asymptomatic in skin for several weeks or months [5].…”