Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Japan

Tamai, Masakazu; Sakamoto, Rika; Goto, Noriko; Morimura, Osamu; Nishida, Tsutomu; Iwahashi, Hiromi; Yokomi, Akinori

doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16433

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, we did not observe the obvious distinction of prevalence among three regions. The skin manifestations in COVID‐19 patients differ by race and country remains controversial, one most likely reason is racial differences or other geopolitical factors, 56 and the possible reasons deserve further discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, we did not observe the obvious distinction of prevalence among three regions. The skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients differ by race and country remains controversial, one most likely reason is racial differences or other geopolitical factors,56 and the possible reasons deserve further discussion.TA B L E 5Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; I 2 , 0-25, no heterogeneity; ph, p-value of heterogeneity, p-value of Q-test for the heterogeneity test.TA B L E 4…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Wen

et al. 2022

The Journal of Dermatology

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The global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) endangers more and more people. Many studies on cutaneous manifestations related to COVID‐19 have emerged, but their prevalence has varied widely. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis estimating the prevalence of skin manifestations in COVID‐19. Four databases PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, and CNKI were searched, and the results were screened by two reviewers. A random‐effects model was used to evaluate the overall prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed by I 2 . Further subgroup analyses were conducted by region, sample size, sex, age, and severity of COVID‐19. A funnel plot and Egger's test were performed to assess publication bias. The pooled prevalence of cutaneous manifestation of 61 089 patients in 33 studies was 5.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.040–0.076, I 2 = 98.3%). Severity of COVID‐19 was probably the source of heterogeneity. Studies with sample size <200 report higher prevalence estimates (10.2%). The prevalence of detailed types was as follows: maculopapular rash 2%, livedoid lesions 1.4%, petechial lesions 1.1%, urticaria 0.8%, pernio‐like lesions 0.5%, vesicular lesions 0.3%. Petechial lesions and livedoid lesions contain a higher proportion of severe patients than other skin manifestations. The prevalence rates of pernio‐like lesions, urticaria and petechial lesions vary greatly in different regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Wen

et al. 2022

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…In Asian countries, the maculopapular type was reported in 34% of cases and chilblain‐like skin eruption in 5.3%, which was less common than in Europe and the United States 11 . In a report by Tamai et al of skin manifestations associated with COVID‐19 infection in 21 Japanese cases, 19 cases were of the maculopapular lesions and two cases were of the urticaria‐like skin eruption; the median time from the onset of COVID‐19 symptoms to the appearance of skin symptoms was 9 days 12 …”

Section: Cutaneous Manifestations Of Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…11 In a report by Tamai et al of skin manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection in 21 Japanese cases, 19 cases were of the maculopapular lesions and two cases were of the urticaria-like skin eruption; the median time from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the appearance of skin symptoms was 9 days. 12 Giavedoni et al also reported that the cutaneous lesions could be categorized into six patterns represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular, Grover's disease and other papulo-vesicular eruptions, livedo Reticularis, Other eruptions, Urticarial, and Chilblain-like. 13 On the other hand, we describe seven categories of cutaneous reactions with COVID-19 in the following sections.…”

Section: Cutaneous Manife S Tati On S Of C O V I D -19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccination

Nakashima

Kato

Otsuka

2023

The Journal of Dermatology

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In December 2019, a new infectious pathogen named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was identified in Wuhan, China. Transmitted through respiratory droplets, SARS‐CoV‐2 is the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Although this new COVID‐19 infection is known to cause primarily interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure, it is often associated with cutaneous manifestations as well. These manifestations with COVID‐19 can be classified into seven categories: (i) chilblain‐like skin eruption (e.g., COVID toes), (ii) urticaria‐like skin eruption, (iii) maculopapular lesions, (iv) vesicular eruptions, (v) purpura, (vi) livedo reticularis and necrotic lesions, (vii) urticarial vasculitis, and others such as alopecia and herpes zoster. The pathogenesis of skin eruptions can be broadly divided into vasculitic and inflammatory skin eruptions. Various cutaneous adverse reactions have also been observed after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination. The major cutaneous adverse reactions are type I hypersensitivity (urticaria and anaphylaxis) and type IV hypersensitivity (COVID arm and erythema multiform). Autoimmune‐mediated reactions including bullous pemphigus, vasculitis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata have also been reported. Several cases with chilblain‐like lesions and herpes zoster after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination have been published. Various skin diseases associated with COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported, and the mechanism has been partly elucidated. In the process, for example, some papers have reported that it is not related to COVID‐19 infection, although it was initially called COVID‐toe and considered a COVID‐19‐associated cutaneous eruption. In fact, some COVID‐19‐associated skin reactions are indistinguishable from drug eruptions. In the future, the mechanisms of COVID‐19‐ or COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated skin reactions need to be elucidated and verification of causal relationships is required.

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“…Fewer skin symptoms have been reported in Asian countries [ 18 ]. This is probably related to the ethnic diversity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and genetic polymorphisms in ACE-2 [ 14 , 19 , 20 ]. The occurrence of skin symptoms does not depend on the patient’s age; cases are observed in every age group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most common skin symptoms in young adults and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection

Zaborska,

Chruszcz,

Sadowski

et al. 2024

Arch Dermatol Res

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Scientists from various areas of the world indicate in their studies that skin lesions occur in the course of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article is a review of the most frequently described cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the potential pathophysiology of their development, as well as information on abnormalities in histopathological tests. The article describes the impact of some factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the exacerbation of chronic dermatological diseases. This work was constructed on the basis of 142 research studies, reviews, and meta-analyses, focusing on the methods and materials used in individual works as well as the results and conclusions resulting from them. Some skin lesions may be a potential prognostic marker of the course of the disease and may also be a prodromal symptom or the only symptom of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate some chronic dermatological diseases. A correlation was observed between the type of skin lesions and the patient’s age. The occurrence of skin diseases may also be influenced by drugs used to treat infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. A relationship was observed between the patient’s ethnic origin and skin lesions occurring in the course of COVID-19. There is a need to further diagnose the cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to learn the detailed pathomechanism of their occurrence in order to better understand the essence of the disease and find an appropriate treatment method.

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Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccination

The most common skin symptoms in young adults and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection

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