Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: the experiences of Barcelona and Rome

Tammaro, Antonella; Adebanjo, Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa; Parisella, Francesca Romana; Pezzuto, Aldo; Rello, Jordi

doi:10.1111/jdv.16530

Cited by 131 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (hCoV) are known to infect the lower respiratory airways and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (14). The recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of COVID-19 (31). The clinical manifestations of this virus infection include fever, cough, fatigue, respiratory distress, and cardiac injury (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Identify Autophagic and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Singh

Chen

Judy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Lack of effective treatment strategy and vaccine makes SARS-CoV-2 infection a big threat to mankind. Analyzing the host transcriptional changes in response to virus infection will help delineate the biological processes impacted by the virus and will potentially facilitate drug development. Using RNA seq datasets of virus infected lung cell lines A549 (infected with either SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza A virus (IAV)) and Calu3 (infected with either SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV), we present a detailed analysis of genes expression changes in response to each of these viral infections. Upregulation of the antiviral interferon signaling was observed with all three viral infections. However, upregulation of the cytokine/inflammatory processes, downregulation of mitochondrial organization and respiration processes, and perturbation in the autophagic processes were specifically observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, which were absent in IAV infected cells. Upregulation of the inflammatory processes was concordant with the gene expression signature of COVID-19 lungs and with inflammatory symptoms observed in severe cases of COVID-19 patients. Coexpression networks analysis also facilitated the identification of protein-protein interaction (PPI) subnetworks of genes in the inflammation and mitochondrial processes that were either coordinately up or downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, respectively. Comparing the expression of marker genes of lung cell types from single cell RNA seq data with expression profile of A549 cells revealed that they likely represent the lung epithelial lineage cells. The cellular processes uniquely perturbed in infected cells that were identified in this analysis likely delineates lung epithelial cells response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. PathogenicityAs obligate parasites, the viruses, while evading the host cell immune response, should encode enough proteins to ensure replication, and spread, by relying on the host cell's machinery. These processes require an intricate series of interaction between the virus and host (9). While many of the elicited responses are common across pathogens, each virus also creates a unique transcriptional profile (10). Functional distinctions across viruses may arise due to distinct processes utilized by a virus for cellular entry, or for host immune system evasion, or for replication and dissemination (11). Severity of illness for SARS-CoV-2 infections is likely impacted by both the direct cytotoxic effects of the virus, and the effectiveness of the complex host response (12,13). While the immune response is essential to resolving the infection, dysregulation of the immune system can result in immunopathogenesis (14,15). A dysregulated immune response is caused by rapid viral replication, cytokine storms delayed interferon response, and macrophage infiltration and excessive proinflammatory cytokines (14). This immunopathogenesis mechanism is supported by the observation of decreased viral loads occurring with increased disease severity (6). However, efforts to unders...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Identify Autophagic and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Singh

Chen

Judy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection are increasingly being reported. Several patterns have been described since the initial report by Recalcati, 1 including erythematous maculopapular, 1 urticarial, 1,2 chickenpox-like, 1,3 purpuric periflexural, 4 transient livedo reticularis, 5 and acroischaemic or chilblain-like lesions. 6,7 Figure 2 (a,b) Erythematous purpuric lesions associated with secondary blistering of the toes; (c) 14 days later, the lesions had resolved without treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Erythema multiforme‐like eruption in patients with COVID‐19 infection: clinical and histological findings

et al. 2020

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“…Just like other viral infections, skin rashes were an expected symptom in COVID-19 infections and dermatologists tried to comprehend the cutaneous involvement in COVID-19 during this process. 2 Eventually, the skin lesions associated with COVID-19 were classified as maculopapular eruptions, acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain), other vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions,and livedo or necrosis 3,4. Since COVID-19 affects many organs and bodily systems, oropharyngeal involvement is also probable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal involvement in a COVID ‐19‐positive patient: A case report

Cebeci

Çaşkurlu

2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first surfaced in the Chinese city of Wuhan on 1 December 2019 and quickly turned into a global issue. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a pandemic. 1 COVID-19 can affect different organ systems, probably including the oral mucosa. Although cutaneous involvement has been defined for COVID-19, there are no studies that report oropharyngeal involvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of oropharyngeal involvement in COVID-19 describing oral lesions in detail. A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a sore throat. The patient was a family practitioner in contact with COVID-19 infected patient. Our subject's symptoms had started on

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Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: the experiences of Barcelona and Rome

Cited by 131 publications

References 6 publications

Network Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Identify Autophagic and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Network Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Identify Autophagic and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Erythema multiforme‐like eruption in patients with COVID‐19 infection: clinical and histological findings

Mucosal involvement in a COVID ‐19‐positive patient: A case report

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