Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Middle East

Klaus, Sidney N.; Frankenburg, Shoshana

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(99)00006-1

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…1 There has been a marked increase in the incidence of CL caused by L. tropica during recent years in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority, and infection has emerged in new urban and rural foci. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Between 2000 and 2002 over 60 cases of human CL, most caused by L. tropica, were reported from near the Sea of Galilee in Northern Israel. 10 More recently a focus of L. tropica CL emerged in Maale Adumim (MA), a city located in the Judean Desert in central Israel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania tropica in Rock Hyraxes (Procavia capensis) in a Focus of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Talmi-Frank

Jaffe²,

Nasereddin³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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14, 15The purpose of the present study was to evaluate L. tropica exposure and infection rates among hyraxes living in an urban focus of disease in central Israel using quantitative real-time PCR and serology, and to compare the genetic relatedness of parasites isolated from hyraxes to those found in humans and sand flies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area.The study was carried out in the city of MA, which is located in the Judean Desert at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level approximately 5 km east of Jerusalem. The human cases in MA were clustered in two neighborhoods located adjacent to slopes and caves inhabited by rock hyraxes. 11Hyraxes. Rock hyraxes were trapped in March 2005 using cage-traps as a part of an epidemiological investigation of the human CL focus in MA conducted by the Israeli Nature Reserves and Parks Authority. Animals were anesthetized (10 mg/kg intramuscularly Ketamine-HCl, Ketaset, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa) using a pole syringe, physically examined, weighed, and blood samples were collected. The study that concerned animals was conducted adhering to the Hebrew University's guidelines for animal husbandry and use of animals in research. Blood in ethylenediamidinetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes was used for DNA extraction. Blood samples for serology were separated using centrifugation and kept at −20°C for further analysis. Experimentally infected (EI) hyrax samples were used for standardization of the western blot assay, as well as PCR and real-time PCR tests. EI samples included hyrax no. 1, a hyrax inoculated by subcutaneous injection in the nose with 10 7 L. tropica promastigotes supplemented with promastigote secretory gel; and hyrax no. 2, infected by sand fly bite.12 Both hyraxes tested positive by PCR of nose skin biopsies for L. tropica infection. In addition, blood samples from 5 young hyraxes born in captivity in a non-endemic area of Israel were used as negative controls.Human patients. Parasites were cultured for routine diagnosis from residents of MA ( N = 8), Tiberias, a city located on the Sea of Galilee (Kinneret) in the South Kinneret (SK) region in northern Israel ( N = 3), and Karkom, a village in the North Kinneret (NK) region in northern Israel ( N = 1). These residents presented with cutaneous lesions and were referred to the Abstract. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania tropica , has recently emerged in urban and rural foci of central and northern Israel, and constitutes a major public health concern. Rock hyraxes ( Procavia capensis ), the suspected natural reservoir, were trapped in the cutaneous leishmaniasis urban focus of Maale Adumim in central Israel and evaluated for L. tropica infection by real-time kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology. Real-time PCR on blood and computerized western blot serology analysis was positive for L. tropica in 58% and 80%, respectively, of the hyraxes tested. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region indicated that similar genotypes wer...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania tropica in Rock Hyraxes (Procavia capensis) in a Focus of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Talmi-Frank

Jaffe²,

Nasereddin³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica is a public health problem in Afghanistan where the disease is endemic [1,2]. Its management is still discussed, since there is a wide range of therapeutic options and a lack of large controlled studies [3,4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…CL caused by L. tropica is frequent in the urban and suburban areas of the Middle East [2] and is transmitted by the sandfly Phlebotomus sargenti. In urban areas, L. tropica CL is more likely an anthroponosis but may also be contracted from animal reservoirs, especially from dogs or a rodent called gerbil or Rhobomys opimus [1,2].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In urban areas, L. tropica CL is more likely an anthroponosis but may also be contracted from animal reservoirs, especially from dogs or a rodent called gerbil or Rhobomys opimus [1,2]. L. tropica CL is an important public health problem in Afghanistan where the disease has been endemic since the mid-1990s.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Species identifica- tion such as L. tropica or L. major is based on epidemiological data and iso-enzyme analysis of the parasite in culture; nowadays, this identification is currently facilitated by the technique of PCR, amplifying specific DNA sequences from the kinetoplast of the parasite. This technique is also more sensitive than histology for the diagnosis of CL [2,5,6].…”

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