Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to <i>Leishmania aethiopica</i>, on Mount Elgon, Kenya

Sang, David; Okelo, G. B. A.; Chance, Michaël La

doi:10.1080/00034983.1993.11812778

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…3022 surveyed.120 active cases, 1037 scars,Prevalence active 4·0%, total 38·3%80·0% of active infections in 0–10 years, 3 children 6 months, one woman > 60‘both sexes equally affected’2 DCL (1·7%), 2 MCL (1·7%), 116 LCL (active cases). 85·1% of lesions are above the neck, 67·6% had one lesionClinical, skin smears and culture for some active CL cases L. aethiopica found in vector and in 6 patients by isoenzyme essayFor 50% of patients' duration 9·6 +/− 5·7 months, in 10% > 3 years65 (54%) of 120 schoolchildren positive for LST[18] Sang 1993Mt Elgon (3 sites) (W Kenya)>1700 mSurveyVillages where CL had previously been reported, compared to a general population survey in the same area, not described in detail. 1979 and 18,525 surveyed respectively43 active cases.…”

Section: Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological and clinical studies show that CL in Ethiopia is mainly caused by Leishmania aethiopica [12], [16], [18], [21], [32], [33], although routine species identification is rarely done. Nevertheless, cutaneous disease may also be inflicted by L. donovani , L. tropica , and L. major , which are also found in the country.…”

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods are available to discriminate the four Leishmania species endemic in Ethiopia [45]. By far the most widely used in studies in the country is based upon the ITS1 ribosomal DNA target [16], [46], [47], [49], which is best described by Schonian et al [44] Earlier studies relied on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis [12], [18], [33], [49]. Even though ITS1 can discriminate the species complexes from the Old world, when relying on RFLP, results should be interpreted with caution (as already pointed out above for the hybrid MHOM/ET/94/ABAUYE).…”

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence of active CL ranges from 0·01 to 10·8% [13], [18], while prevalence including past CL (suspected scar lesions) ranged from 14·0 [21] to 65·4% [52]. The population investigated for the community studies was not random.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

et al. 2018

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Leishmania aethiopica is the main causative species for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Despite its considerable burden, L. aethiopica has been one of the most neglected Leishmania species. In this review, published evidence on L. aethiopica history, geography, vector, reservoir, epidemiology, parasitology, and immunology is discussed and knowledge gaps are outlined. L. aethiopica endemic regions are limited to the highland areas, although nationwide studies on CL prevalence are lacking. Phlebotomus pedifer and P. longipes are the sandfly vectors and hyraxes are considered to be the main reservoir, but the role of other sandfly species and other potential reservoirs requires further investigation. Where and how transmission occurs exactly are also still unknown. Most CL patients in Ethiopia are children and young adults. Lesions are most commonly on the face, in contrast to CL caused by other Leishmania species which may more frequently affect other body parts. CL lesions caused by L. aethiopica seem atypical and more severe in their presentation as compared to other Leishmania species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common, and healing of lesions caused by L. aethiopica seems to take longer than that of other species. A thorough documentation of the natural evolution of L. aethiopica as well as in depth studies into the immunological and parasitological characteristics that underpin the atypical and severe clinical presentation are needed. Better understanding of CL caused by this parasite species will contribute to interventions related to transmission, prevention, and treatment.

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Section: Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

et al. 2018

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“…In Kenya, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis can be any of four Old World Leishmania species: visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by L. donovani, 1 while infection with L. major, L. tropica, or L. aethiopica is responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). [2][3][4] Only in one instance L. donovani was reported to cause CL. Country-wide data on the prevalence of both diseases are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification ofLeishmania tropicafrom micro-foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Kenyan Rift Valley

Odiwuor

Muia

Magiri

et al. 2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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We performed diagnosis and species identification of parasites in lesion samples from suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in four villages, three of which are in a known Leishmania tropica endemic region in Kenya. Samples were analyzed both by microscopy and PCR for Leishmania, and typed by an assay using four ribosomal DNA-based species-identification PCRs. The lesions were demonstrated to be caused by L. tropica, which confirms the re-emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis from this species after a period of reduced incidence in the endemic zone. Our report highlights the importance of an intervention and sustained Leishmania control program.

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A zoonotic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica af Utut, Rift Valley Province, Kenya

Sang

Njeru

Ashford

1994

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Several foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been identified in central Kenya and the Rift Valley. One of these was the Utut focus of Leishmania tropica on the floor of the Rift Valley between Gilgil and Elementaita, where intense transmission was detected. High infection and scar rates were detected among illegal charcoal burners in a previously uninhabited forest reserve on a lava flow containing numerous caves and rock crevices inhabited by sandflies and mammals which included hyraxes. Multiple lesions, predominantly in the head region, were common. 33% of cases occurred in people who had been less than one year in the area. Although most lesions healed within one or 2 years, some large, recrudescing lesions lasted several years.

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica, on Mount Elgon, Kenya

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

Identification ofLeishmania tropicafrom micro-foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Kenyan Rift Valley

A zoonotic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica af Utut, Rift Valley Province, Kenya

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