Cutaneous Leishmania aethiopica diagnosed in the United States

Gilkey, Ty; Ulman, Catherine A.; McGwire, Bradford S.; Plaza, Jose A.

doi:10.5070/d327854705

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Patients were diagnosed in 35 countries; most of the cases were in the Middle East, Europe, and North America (Table 1). In these three regions, countries with the largest share of diagnosis were Lebanon (57.0%, [192,282]), France (13.4%, [6,61,81,108,121,134,136,193], the USA (6.1%, [72,80,84,88,92,93,110,114,117,120,122,123,127,139,141,142,149,150,159,163,169,175,179,180,197,221,224,229,234,235,238,239,243,244,247,263,266,279]), the Netherlands (5.0%, …”

Section: Cutaneous Mucocutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other species/complexes were less often reported, and their epidemiological and clinical features were: -L. aethiopica: 13 cases reported [7,10,11,119,132,133,136,247,275,277], six of them imported from Ethiopia [10,11,136,247]; only three cases described lesions [119,132,247]: two of them as single lesions in the face or trunk [121,247] and one as multiple lesions in the face [132]; in two patients the lesions were papular/nodular [119,247] and in one it was a plaque/crust [132]; management strategy was described in six cases (one no treatment, [247], two topical with intralesional antimonial and cryotherapy, [277], and three systemic with miltefosine or LAmB, [119,132,133]). Relapses were not reported in any of the cases.…”

Section: Clinical Aspects and Management Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review

Rocha¹,

Pereira

Maia³

2022

Pathogens

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Leishmaniases are human and animal parasitic diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Globalization is an important driver of the burden and in the current dynamics of these diseases. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed search engine to identify the epidemiology and clinical management of imported human leishmaniases as a fundamental step to better manage individual cases and traveler and migrant health from a global perspective. A total of 275 articles were selected, representing 10,341 human imported cases. Identified drivers of changing patterns in epidemiology include conflict and war, as well as host factors, such as immunosuppression, natural and iatrogenic. Leishmania species diversity associated with different clinical presentations implies diagnostic and treatment strategies often complex to select and apply, especially in non-endemic settings. Thus, diagnostic and management algorithms for medical clinical decision support are proposed. Increased surveillance of non-endemic cases, whether in vulnerable populations such as refugees/migrants and immunocompromised individuals or travelers, could improve individual health and mitigate the public health risk of introducing Leishmania species into new areas.

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