Cutaneous leiomyoma of scalp: a rare case report with review of literature

Abstract

Skin is the largest organ of the body and many types of tumor arises from different part of skin layer. A leiomyoma is an uncommon, benign tumour of smooth muscle of skin derived from the arrector pili muscle of skin. These lesions can develop wherever smooth muscle is present, but malignant transformation probably does not occur. Cutaneous leiomyomas or piloleiomyomas appear as small (0.5-2 cm) firm skin coloured nodules. They arise from the arrector pili muscles which are responsible for making your hairs stand on end. Multiple lesions may develop, often in clusters and commonly in a segmental distribution. These nodules are benign, so are only of concern because of their appearance or their tendency to be tender if knocked. Female patients with cutaneous leiomyomas may also develop uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), and very rarely leiomyomas can be associated with renal cell carcinoma (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer). We report a case cutaneous leiomyoma of scalp in a 22 year old male who present with the complaints of scalp swelling.

Giant Cutaneous Leiomyoma of Scalp

“…Previously five cases of scalp leiomyoma have been reported. [1][2][3][4][5] The reported cases of scalp leiomyoma are detailed in ►Table 2. Most patients had scalp lesions for a long time without pain.…”

Solitary Piloleiomyoma of the Scalp- A Rare Entity

“…Previously published case reports of cutaneous leiomyoma of scalp include the following-Dharm Chand Kothari et al 3 . reported a 22-year-old male with piloleiomyoma.…”

“…The skin consists of smooth muscles as arrector pili muscles, smooth muscles in the wall of blood vessels, and specialized muscle in genital sites (i.e., scrotum [dartos], vulva, and nipple [areolar]). [3] These smooth muscles of skin give rise to cutaneous leiomyomas. On the basis of smooth muscle of origin, cutaneous leiomyomas are divided into five types-multiple piloleiomyomata, solitary piloleiomyoma (both arising from arrectores pilorum muscles), solitary genital leiomyoma (arising from the dartoic, vulvar, or mammillary muscles), solitary angioleiomyoma (arising from the muscles of veins) and leiomyoma with additional mesenchymal elements.…”

Solitary Piloleiomyoma in the Scalp

“…Pain is often accompanied although the cause of pain is not clear whether it is produced by contraction of the muscle tissue or compression of nearby nerves. The pain can be aggravated by touch, exposure to cold or emotional disturbance [ 2 ]. Histologically, it is usually located in the dermal layer and irregularly mixed with surround dermal collagen.…”

“…Cutaneous leiomyoma arises from smooth muscle in the skin, such as arrector pili muscle (pilar leiomyoma), media in the blood vessel (angioleiomyoma) and smooth muscle in the scrotum or labium (genital leiomyoma). Although there are numerous many hairs and blood vessels in the scalp, cutaneous leiomyoma in the scalp has been reported very rarely [ 2 ].…”