Cutaneous infections by papillomavirus, herpes zoster and Candida albicans as the only manifestation of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia

Abstract

The cause of the ICL in this patient is unknown. HPV is not known to be an immunosuppressive agent; it remains to be determined whether the HPV-associated lesions are the cause or the result of immunosuppression.

Antigenic Properties and Processing Requirements of 65-Kilodalton Mannoprotein, a Major Antigen Target of Anti-CandidaHuman T-Cell Response, as Disclosed by Specific Human T-Cell Clones

“…Mucosal candidiasis is frequent in immunocompromised patients, especially those infected by the human immunodeficiency virus or those affected by idiopathic CD4 ϩ T lymphocytopenia (6,15,34,44), while deep-seated candidiasis is highly prevalent in neutropenic, bone marrow transplant patients (28,30,53). Finally, a large incidence of vaginal infection by Candida is recorded in otherwise healthy women of premenopausal age (24).…”

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia presenting as refractory cryptococcal meningitis

“…[1314] Besides C neoformans, other bacterial (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare), viral (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus); fungal (aspergillus sp, Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum); and parasitic (toxoplasma) infections have been found to be associated with ICL with an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio. [15] The few investigations in the pathogenesis of ICL suggest a diminished generation of T cell precursors and a decreased clonogenic capacity of bone marrow progenitors, which may be due to a disturbed cytokine environment with, for example, increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and decreased IL-2 levels. [16] CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia can be the result of cryptococcal infection alone, but our patient had a sustained CD4 T cell lymphopenia even after his cryptococcal meningitis was cured.…”

Idiopathic Cd4+T-lymphocytopenia—two unusual patients with cryptococcal meningitis

“…[5][6][7] Opportunistic infections, mostly seen in HIV patients, are the most common among them. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although CD4CT-lymphocytopenia could be found among otherwise immunocompetent patients admitted to our ICU, it was never so profound and protracted as it was in ICL. Furthermore, there were no other immunological characteristics of ICL among these patients.…”