Cutaneous‐immuno‐neuro‐endocrine (CINE) system: A complex enterprise transforming skin into a super organ
Malvika Shastri,
Maryada Sharma,
Keshav Sharma
et al.
Abstract:Skin is now emerging as a complex realm of three chief systems viz. immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system. The cells involved in their intricate crosstalk, namely native skin cells, intra‐cutaneous immune cells and cutaneous sensory neurons have diverse origin and distinct functions. However, recent studies have explored their role beyond their pre‐defined functional boundaries, such that the cells shun their traditional functions and adopt unconventional roles. For example, the native skin cells… Show more
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