Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Due to Beryllium

Curtis, George H.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1951.01570100087014

Cited by 156 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Sterner and Eisenbud's hypothesis was supported by the fact that the cutaneous reactions to soluble beryllium salts of the delayed hypersensitivity type (Curtis, 195 1) were seen in patients suffering from berylliosis, and granuloma formation in people who were cut by beryllium phosphor-coated glass from broken lamps (Dutra, 1951). Furthermore, beryllium fluoride is an excellent sensitiser in healthy man (Curtis; McCord, 1951).Similar responses have been produced experimentally in animals. Chiappino, Cirla and Vigliani (1969) demonstrated that after endotracheal injection of beryllium oxide (BeO) a lung reaction characteristic of hypersensitivity developed in some guinea-pigs, and that these animals also had dermal hypersensitivity to soluble salts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immunological Responses Of Guinea-Pigs To Beryllium Salts

Vacher¹

1972

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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CHRONIC pulmonary disease (Weber and Engelhardt, 1933) and contact dermatitis (DeNardi, Van Ordstrand and Carmody, 1949) have been observed in many beryllium workers. An immunological mechanism was first suggested (Sterner and Eisenbud, 1951) because only a small percentage of exposed workers developed chronic lesions, with an insidious onset several months after exposure. The histological picture of the granulomatous lesions was characteristic. Sterner and Eisenbud's hypothesis was supported by the fact that the cutaneous reactions to soluble beryllium salts of the delayed hypersensitivity type (Curtis, 195 1) were seen in patients suffering from berylliosis, and granuloma formation in people who were cut by beryllium phosphor-coated glass from broken lamps (Dutra, 1951). Furthermore, beryllium fluoride is an excellent sensitiser in healthy man (Curtis; McCord, 1951).Similar responses have been produced experimentally in animals. Chiappino, Cirla and Vigliani (1969) demonstrated that after endotracheal injection of beryllium oxide (BeO) a lung reaction characteristic of hypersensitivity developed in some guinea-pigs, and that these animals also had dermal hypersensitivity to soluble salts. Furthermore, the application of the sulphate (BeSO4) to the ear induced the same histological changes in the regional lymph-node as known sensitisers. A state of delayed hypersensitivity has also been induced with various salts of beryllium given by different routes (Belman, 1957(Belman, , 1969Alekseeva, 1966; Pol&, Barnes and Turk, 1968;Chiappino et al., 1969). These findings suggest that the tissue reactions induced by beryllium are immunological ones of the delayed hypersensitivity type. This was confirmed in guinea-pigs by passive transfer by means of lymphoid cells (Cirla, Barbiano di Belgiojoso and Chiappino, 1968), and by the inhibition of the intradermal reaction to beryllium by antilymphocytic serum (Chiappino, Barbiano di Belgiojoso and Cirla, 1968).The work reported here shows that immunological paralysis (or tolerance) to beryllium can be readily induced in adult guinea-pigs, and can be recognised by inhibition of the delayed skin-hypersensitivity reactions to the topical application of beryllium in pre-treated animals. Beryllium compounds may induce either sensitisation or tolerance. Beryllium as the citrate is tolerogenic, whereas a compound more easily phagocytosed or one that reacts with proteins is immunogenic. This supports the conclusions previously drawn by Macher and Chase (1969a) from the results of their work on the elimination from the skin of

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Immunological Responses Of Guinea-Pigs To Beryllium Salts

Vacher¹

1972

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…17 Tuz yada partikül şeklinde berilyum materyallerine deri teması ile maruz kalma da BeS gelişimine neden olabilmektedir. 18,19 Patch testinde berilyum florid deri üzerine sürülmekte ve 48 saat içinde hissizleşme reaksiyonu gözlenmektedir. KBH'lı bireylerde yapılan testlerde %100 oranında patch testinin pozitif çıktığı gözlenmiştir.…”

Section: Berilyum Sensitizasyonu (Hassasiyeti)unclassified

An industrial risk: Beryllium

Çaylak

Aytekin²

2012

J Clin Exp Invest

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Beryllium is a vocational disease factor and beryllium exposure can potentially lead to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in 2-6 % of workers. While acute lymphocytic pneumonia occurred in individuals who were exposed to high doses of beryllium, low dose exposure to beryllium followed by a long subclinical period can cause CBD characterized with chronic granulomatosis. It has been observed that varying amounts of beryllium exposure are necessary to produce symptoms of CBD or beryllium sensitization (BeS). Genetic differences between patients may be the underlying cause of these dose-effects and further study of the differences in patients exposed to beryllium may lead to earlier diagnosis and the identification of biomarkers of CBD. In this review, it is summarized the general properties of beryllium exposure, the immunopathogenesis and genetic differences of beryllium-induced diseases, genotoxicity and the carcinogenic effects of beryllium.

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“…The immune basis of CBD was first suggested by the demonstration of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response in berylliumexposed subjects following skin patch testing with beryllium salts (20,21). However, the use of beryllium patch testing as a diagnostic tool decreased in popularity because of the potential risk of inducing sensitization and the theoretical risk that the underlying disease would be exacerbated (22).…”

Section: Hronic Beryllium Disease (Cbd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beryllium Skin Patch Testing to Analyze T Cell Stimulation and Granulomatous Inflammation in the Lung

Fontenot¹,

Maier

Canavera³

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and the accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the lung. Patch testing of CBD patients with beryllium sulfate results in granulomatous inflammation in the skin. We investigated whether the T cell clonal populations present in the lung of CBD patients would also be present in the involved skin of a positive beryllium patch test and thus mirror the granulomatous process in the lung. CBD patients with clonal TCR expansions in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were selected for study. All three CBD patients studied had a positive response to beryllium sulfate application and a negative patch test to normal saline. Immunohistochemistry showed extensive infiltration with CD4+ T cells and few, if any, CD8+ T cells both at 3 days and at later times when granulomas were apparent. T cell infiltration early after skin testing appeared to be nonspecific with the TCR repertoire of infiltrating T cells being distinct from that present in BAL. At later times when granulomas were present, T cell clones in skin overlapped with those in BAL in all patients tested. Total TCR matches in skin and BAL were as high as 40% in selected Vβ T cell subsets. Studies of peripheral blood T cells before and after patch testing provided evidence for mobilization of large numbers of pathogenic beryllium-reactive T cells into the circulating pool. These studies using skin patch testing provide new insight into the dynamics of T cell influx and mobilization during granulomatous inflammation.

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Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Due to Beryllium

Cited by 156 publications

References 1 publication

Immunological Responses Of Guinea-Pigs To Beryllium Salts

Immunological Responses Of Guinea-Pigs To Beryllium Salts

An industrial risk: Beryllium

Beryllium Skin Patch Testing to Analyze T Cell Stimulation and Granulomatous Inflammation in the Lung

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