Cutaneous Granulomatosis: a Comprehensive Review

Beretta‐Piccoli, Benedetta Terziroli; Mainetti, Carlo; Peeters, Marie-Astrid; Laffitte, Emmanuel

doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8666-8

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Through use of Seq-Well S^3, we survey, at unprecedented resolution, the diversity of cell-types and states – e.g., among tissue resident T cells and myeloid cells – present across multiple types of skin inflammation. For example, GA and leprosy are two granulomatous diseases characterized by aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages within the dermis, which are both thought to arise from a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to M. leprae infection (leprosy) and an unknown agent (GA) (Modlin et al, 1984; Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli et al, 2018). Here, we find that both are characterized by the presence of T cell sub-cluster 0 (Immature CD8 + CTL) and T cell sub-cluster 8 (mature CTL effectors containing CD8 + T-CTL, γδ and NK cells; Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient, Massively-Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Skin Pathology

Tk¹,

Mh²,

Tm³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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1The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) methodologies 2 has empowered the characterization of complex biological samples by dramatically increasing the 3 number of constituent cells that can be examined concurrently. Nevertheless, these approaches 4 typically recover substantially less information per-cell as compared to lower-throughput microtiter 5 plate-based strategies. To uncover critical phenotypic differences among cells and effectively link 6 scRNA-Seq observations to legacy datasets, reliable detection of phenotype-defining transcripts 7 -such as transcription factors, affinity receptors, and signaling molecules -by these methods is 8 essential. Here, we describe a substantially improved massively-parallel scRNA-Seq protocol we 9 term Seq-Well S^3 ("Second-Strand Synthesis") that increases the efficiency of transcript capture 10 and gene detection by up to 10-and 5-fold, respectively, relative to previous iterations, surpassing 11 best-in-class commercial analogs. We first characterized the performance of Seq-Well S^3 in cell 12 lines and PBMCs, and then examined five different inflammatory skin diseases, illustrative of 13 distinct types of inflammation, to explore the breadth of potential immune and parenchymal cell 14 states. Our work presents an essential methodological advance as well as a valuable resource 15 for studying the cellular and molecular features that inform human skin inflammation. 109Mann-Whitney U Test & Linear Regression; Figure 1B-C). To confirm that these overall 110 improvements were not driven by changes in the relative frequencies of different cell types 111 captured by each technology, we also examined each subset independently (Figure S2A-B). For 112 each cell type detected, we observed significant increases in the numbers of transcripts captured 113 and genes detected using S^3 for each pairwise comparison between techniques (P < 0.05, 114 Mann-Whitney U Test; CD4 + T cells, Seq-Well V1: 1,044 ± 62.3 UMIs/cell; 10x v2: 7,671 ± 103.9 115 UMIs/cell; Seq-Well S^3: 13,390 ± 253.4 UMIs/cell; Mean ± Standard Error of the Median (SEM); 116 Figure S2). Both Seq-Well S^3 and 10x v2 displayed increased sensitivity for transcripts and 117 genes relative to Seq-Well v1, but Seq-Well S^3 showed the greatest efficiency (defined as genes 118 recovered at matched read depth) to detect genes for each cell type (Figure 1D-E; Figure S2). 119We sought to further understand whether these improvements resulted in enhanced 120 detection of biologically relevant genes typically under-represented in high-throughput single-cell 121 sequencing libraries (Tabula Muris Consortium et al., 2018). Importantly, genes that were 122 differentially detected (i.e., higher in S^3) within each cell type include numerous transcription 123 factors, cytokines and cell-surface receptors (Figure 1D-E). For example, among CD4 + T cells, 124we observe significantly increased detection of cytokines (e.g., TGFB1 and TNF), surface 125 receptors (e.g., TGFBR and CCR4) and transcription fact...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient, Massively-Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Skin Pathology

Tk¹,

Mh²,

Tm³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…One of the main strategies used by microorganisms to escape this macrophage activity involves altering the response profile of macrophages. 185,[235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252] The activation of a response profile mediated by M1 macrophages is commonly associated with a protective tissue environment and has been described for infections by pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Salmonella typhi, and Chlamydia. [253][254][255][256][257][258] M1 macrophages elicit an effective immune response against S. typhi and H. pylori, and in the response against H. pylori, the induction of iNOS associated with the M1 profile is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer.…”

Section: Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases</p>

Sousa¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Quaresma³

2019

IDR

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Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of cells with specialized functions depending not only on their subgroup but also on the function of the organ or tissue in which the cells are located. The concept of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity has been investigated since the 1980s, and more recent studies have identified a diverse spectrum of phenotypic subpopulations. Several types of macrophages play a central role in the response to infectious agents and, along with other components of the immune system, determine the clinical outcome of major infectious diseases. Here, we review the functions of various macrophage phenotypic subpopulations, the concept of macrophage polarization, and the influence of these cells on the evolution of infections. In addition, we emphasize their role in the immune response in vivo and in situ, as well as the molecular effectors and signaling mechanisms used by these cells. Furthermore, we highlight the mechanisms of immune evasion triggered by infectious agents to counter the actions of macrophages and their consequences. Our aim here is to provide an overview of the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of critical transmissible diseases and discuss how elucidation of this relationship could enhance our understanding of the host–pathogen association in organ-specific immune responses.

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“…Whereas in our patient, the localisation was not compatible with the literature. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is also known as one of the great imitators in dermatology, together with syphilis and malignant melanoma (1). Lupus vulgaris, foreign body reaction, pseudolymphoma, tuberculoid leprosy, granuloma annulare, atypical mycobacterial infection, deep fungal infections, syphilis, lupus miliaris facia, discoid lupus erythematosus and granulomatous rosacea should be considered in differential diagnosis (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a granulomatous inflammatory reaction to a wide variety of stimuli, including infections, systemic inflammations, neoplasia, metabolic disorders, and chemicals. This group includes cutaneus sarcoidosis (1). Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas with an unknown etiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuteneus Sarcoidosis, Mimicking Acne In A Patient and The Importance Of Dermoscopy In Differential Diagnosis

İslamoğlu¹,

Demirbaş²

2018

Eastern J Med

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Cutaneous Granulomatosis: a Comprehensive Review

Cited by 84 publications

References 109 publications

Highly Efficient, Massively-Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Skin Pathology

Highly Efficient, Massively-Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Skin Pathology

<p>Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases</p>

Cuteneus Sarcoidosis, Mimicking Acne In A Patient and The Importance Of Dermoscopy In Differential Diagnosis

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