Cutaneous Diphtheria: A Report of 140 Cases1

Livingood, Clarence S.; Perry, Daniel J.; Forrester, James S.

doi:10.1038/jid.1946.42

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…C. diphtheriae, especially toxin-positive strains, has the potential for systemic infection with pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac and neurological complications [4]. First-line therapy is penicillin or erythromycin but multiresistant Corynebacterium strains have been described [5]. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccines protects from the toxin-associated C. diphtheriae manifestations but does not have an impact on C. diphtheriae colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Corynebacterium Infection Presenting with Disseminated Skin Nodules and Ulceration

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Corynebacterium Infection Presenting with Disseminated Skin Nodules and Ulceration

et al. 2017

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“…Instead of the deep ulcerative lesions typical of primary cutaneous diphtheria, especially in the tropics (Liebow et al 1946;Livingood, Perry & Forrester, 1946), most of the lesions in Canadian patients were superficial and unaccompanied by toxic complications. Among 198 diphtheritic skin lesions with a known clinical diagnosis, 102 were classed as impetigo whereas only 26 were ulcers, mostly occurring on the legs (Jellard, 1972).…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diphtheria in North America

Dixon

1984

J. Hyg.

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SummaryThe incidence of diphtheria has declined in North America during the last fifty years until it is now an uncommon disease. This general pattern is similar to that seen in other developed countries with well-organized immunization programmes, but certain noteworthy characteristics have been observed in recent years: foci of infection lingered in two population groups of low socio-economic status, in both of which the skin has been an important reservoir. In central areas of certain cities, endemic diphtheria, chiefly cutaneous, has occurred amongst indigent adult males living in unhygienic conditions; and in the native Indian population of Northern Canada diphtheria infection has been endemic in infants and children, many of the infections being of the skin or ear and toxic disease being uncommon. During the last few years, diphtheria outbreaks have not been reported in urban areas and possibly endemicity is now restricted to northern native populations. The number of infections detected in these northern endemic areas is steadily decreasing.

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“…A growing number of reports indicate that this pattern of skin infection by C. diphtheriae with little or no evidence of clinical illness is widely prevalent throughout both wet and dry tropical regions e.g. South Sea Islands (Liebow et al 1946; Bacon & Marples, 1955;Marples & Bacon 1956;Markham & Stenhouse, 1959), New Zealand Maoris (McCarthy & Marples, 1954), Burma (Livingood, Perry & Forrester, 1946;Thaung et al 1978), India (Ayyagari, Venugopalan & Ray, 1977), Colombia (Bennett, 1967), Trinidad (Bray et al 1972), Uganda (Bezjak & Farsey, 1970). Reports (Dixon & Thorsteinson, 1969;Jellard, 1972Jellard, , 1978 have revealed that a similar condition occurs amongst Eskimos, North American Indians and Metis in Northern Canada, and the question arises whether low socio-economic conditions and standards of personal hygiene rather than climate are the more important predisposing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of adherence in determining the site of infection byCorynebacterium diphtheriae

Deacock

Steward

Carne

1983

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYTwenty-nine strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from throats and 29 strains from skin lesions, the latter mainly from communities of low socio-economic status in tropics and cold climates, have been examined for the property of adherence to human buccal epithelial cells. All throat strains showed adherence. In contrast, strains from skin lesions were predominantly poor adherers. These results indicate that strains of C. diptheriae from throats must now be added to the important group of pathogens which possess the property of adherence to surface epithelial cells of mucous membranes, thus providing an essential first step in the process of colonizing their hosts. The possible role of this phenomenon of adherence to bucco-pharyngeal epithelial cells in the evolution of the host-parasite relationship of C. diphtheriae is discussed.

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Cutaneous Diphtheria: A Report of 140 Cases1

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Cutaneous Corynebacterium Infection Presenting with Disseminated Skin Nodules and Ulceration

Cutaneous Corynebacterium Infection Presenting with Disseminated Skin Nodules and Ulceration

Diphtheria in North America

The role of adherence in determining the site of infection byCorynebacterium diphtheriae

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