“…Therapy-refractory RV and CMV vasculitis share many clinical symptoms, both leading to severe ulcers, making it difficult to distinguish them clinically. [5][6][7] Our patient showed exacerbation of RV immediately after reduction of immunosuppressive agents rather than during immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, the paradoxical induction of vasculitis by immunosuppressive therapy was indicative of IRIS.…”