Cutaneous complications of intravenous drug abuse

Giudice, P. Del

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05607.x

Cited by 163 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…5, P< 0 . 001), fewer of them were currently receiving prescribed treatment for their drug use (66 % vs. 75%, x (2) 2 =51 . 9, P<0 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacterial infections can result in illnesses ranging from localized infections of the skin and soft tissues, such as abscesses and cellulitus, to systemic and toxin-producing infections, such as endocarditis and botulism [1,2]. These infections can be serious, requiring costly in-patient intervention and can also lead to death [1,2]. The prevalence of recent or current skin and soft tissue infections in IDUs has been reported to be one in ten in Vancouver and Sydney [3,4] ; however, other studies from North America and in Europe indicate prevalence can be as high as one in three [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The extent of injection site infection in injecting drug users: findings from a national surveillance study

Hope¹,

Marongiu²,

Parry³

et al. 2010

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYInjection site infections in injecting drug users (IDUs) are associated with serious morbidity and healthcare costs. Factors associated with symptoms of these were examined through annual (2006)(2007)(2008) unlinked-anonymous survey of IDUs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Overall 36% (1863/5209) self-reported having a symptom with no trend over time (35 % 2006, 37 % 2007, 34 % 2008). Symptoms were less common in the North East of England ; increased with years injecting ; and were higher in women, those recently homeless, those recently using a needle exchange, and those injecting both opiates and stimulants. Of those injecting during the previous 4 weeks (n=3733) symptoms were associated with : injecting daily ; injecting o10 times a day; injecting into hands, groin, or legs ; sharing filters; and reusing water to flush syringes. Symptoms of injection site infections are common in IDUs. Better-targeted preventive interventions are needed, and continued surveillance should assist with assessing the impact of new initiatives.

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“…5, P< 0 . 001), fewer of them were currently receiving prescribed treatment for their drug use (66 % vs. 75%, x (2) 2 =51 . 9, P<0 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent of injection site infection in injecting drug users: findings from a national surveillance study

Hope¹,

Marongiu²,

Parry³

et al. 2010

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…La cocaína es un potente agente vasoconstrictor ya que bloquea la recaptura de norepinefrina, resultando en el aumento de la estimulación alfa adrenérgica, aumento en la producción de endotelina 1 y disminución de la liberación de óxido nítrico en las células endoteliales. Esto genera un prolongado y repetido vasoespasmo que favorece la isquemia cutánea e infartos 33 . El tratamiento incluye terapia anticoagulante y antitrombótica, incluso pudiendo requerir fasciotomía de emergencia y amputación.…”

Section: Caso 11: Necrosis Por Cocaínaunclassified

Necrosis cutánea: un desafío para el médico

et al. 2014

Rev. méd. Chile

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Skin necrosis must be considered as a syndrome, because it is a clinical manifestation of different diseases. An early diagnosis is very important toa necrosis cutánea debe ser considerada como un síndrome, pues es la manifestación cutánea de diversas entidades clínicas. El diagnóstico precoz y la pronta identificación de la etiología son claves para un tratamiento oportuno y mejorar la sobrevida del paciente.Se recolectaron los casos más demostrativos de necrosis cutánea en pacientes hospitalizados. Se registró la historia clínica, se tomaron fotografías y en algunos casos se realizaron biopsias de las lesiones. Casos clínicosEn la Tabla 1 se presentan los casos clínicos más demostrativos de necrosis cutánea en pacientes hospitalizados en nuestra institución. Se detalla sexo del paciente, edad, antecedentes mórbidos, fármacos utilizados, clínica con la que se presentaron al momento de la consulta y el estudio de anatomía patológica (AP). Finalmente, se describe el diagnóstico y se menciona el tratamiento que se realizó. Caso 1: Necrosis por cumarínicosSe ha descrito necrosis cutánea asociada al uso de warfarina, reportándose una prevalencia entre 0,01 y 0,1% de los pacientes tratados. Aunque el mecanismo no está aclarado, se describe un efecto procoagulante transitorio por una rápida caída de los niveles de proteína C 1,2 . El cuadro clínico se manifiesta como edema y eritema de inicio súbito, asociado a dolor o parestesias. En 90% de los casos, la aparición de necrosis cutánea se produce de 3 a 6 días de iniciado el tratamiento, aunque se han descrito casos que se han desarrollado semanas o meses después 3 . El estudio histopatológico revela trombosis y depósitos de fibrina en las vénulas postcapilares sin inflamación 4,5 . El tratamiento es la suspensión del fármaco, transfusión de plasma fresco congelado y aporte de vitamina K endovenosa. Caso 2: Loxoscelismo cutáneo necróticoEl loxoscelismo es el cuadro clínico secundario a la mordedura de araña del género Loxosceles laeta, el cual presenta una forma limitada a la piel y otra sistémica (loxoscelismo cutáneo visceral), la que

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“…Intravenous drug addiction often results in searching for new sites of injection. When most of the peripheral veins have been used up, the addict patient approaches the skin (subcutaneous injection) and other unusual sites that can cause unusual complications such as abscesses and tissue necrosis [3]. There are many reported cases of unusual injection sites.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Illicit Drug Injection in an I.V. Drug User

Tabatabaei¹,

Soleimani²,

Mansouri³

et al. 2015

OJOph

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How to cite this paper: Tabatabaei, S.A., Soleimani, M., Mansouri, M.R., Ebrahimi, M., Abdi, P. and Esfahani, M.R. (2015) Exogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Illicit Drug Injection in an I.V. Drug User. AbstractBackground: Drug abuse could cause complications; infection and overdose are the most prevalent of them. Unreliable history of addicted patients also makes the diagnosis difficult and leads to delayed treatment and poor prognosis. Early recognition and prompt treatment are required to minimize the destructive damage. To our knowledge, there is not any previous report of bilateral eye injection among drug abusers, causing traumatic endophthalmitis in the English literature and our report helps ophthalmologists to think about rare sources of endophthalmitis. Aim: The aim is to emphasize the importance of considering exogenous endophthalmitis in I.V. drug users who abuse drugs. Methods: A 40-year-old I.V. drug user man was referred complaining a history of the pain, redness and impaired vision of both eyes from three days ago. Perilimbal injection and anterior chamber cellular reaction were present in both eyes. Both corneas were hazy; corneal edema, abscess, sealed corneal lacerations and dull red reflex were visible in both eyes. Results: After an ultrasonography based on the suspicion of endophthalmitis, anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration and intravitreal injection of vancomycin 1 mg and ceftazidime 2.25 mg were performed. The right eye rapidly deteriorated and was eviscerated two days later and the left eye had a good response to medications. Conclusion: This report illustrates that the orbit can be a potential site of drug injection and endophthalmitis should be considered in individuals who abuse drugs.

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Cutaneous complications of intravenous drug abuse

Cited by 163 publications

References 122 publications

The extent of injection site infection in injecting drug users: findings from a national surveillance study

The extent of injection site infection in injecting drug users: findings from a national surveillance study

Necrosis cutánea: un desafío para el médico

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Illicit Drug Injection in an I.V. Drug User

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