Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastases From Atypical Laryngeal Carcinoids

Wang, Kui-Rong; Jia, Yuan-Jing; Zhou, Shui‐Hong; Wang, Qinying; Bao, Yang‐Yang; Feng, Zhiying; Yao, Huaiying; Fan, Jun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002796

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Wang et al reviewed 48 reported cases of atypical laryngeal carcinoids diagnosed since 2005 and observed that cutaneous metastasis occurred in 22% of patients. Patients were typically male smokers who presented with dysphagia and tumor located in the supraglottis . As laryngeal LCNECs were formerly grouped with atypical laryngeal carcinoids, it is possible that some of the cases metastasizing to the skin in their series would meet current diagnostic criteria of LCNEC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A rare case of presentation and extreme tumor burden

et al. 2017

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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the larynx is an aggressive form of neuroendocrine carcinoma that affects smokers at an average age of 60 years. LCNEC is characterized by large cells with round to ovoid nuclei distributed in a trabecular or nested growth pattern. Previously, laryngeal LCNEC and atypical carcinoid tumors were considered identical; however, laryngeal LCNEC has been shown to have higher mitotic rates and worse prognosis, which has led to laryngeal LCNEC's being separated from atypical carcinoid and classified as a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma in the most recent World Health Organization classification. We present a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with painful subcutaneous skin lesions that were diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma at an outside facility. Subsequent workup revealed a primary epiglottic lesion. Over the next 4 years, she continued to develop over 100 similar subcutaneous nodules. Additional workup confirmed neuroendocrine differentiation, thus clarifying the diagnosis of metastatic LCNEC. Review of literature has revealed only 1 reported case of LCNEC with skin metastasis. This is the first reported case in which skin metastasis was the initial presenting symptom; moreover, our case is unique with regard to the heavy metastatic burden to the skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A rare case of presentation and extreme tumor burden

et al. 2017

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“…Glut-1, as an important carrier of glucose uptake and a major protein involved in the transport of glucose, plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body [9]. It has been reported that Glut-1 transporters are expressed at higher levels in human solid cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts [10][11][12]. Glut-1 also affects cell proliferation and chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including laryngeal carcinoma13-18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

shRNA Glut-1 inhibits cell viability, apoptosis and migration of laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells through regulating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy

Wang

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2020

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Objective: Glut-1 is a key regulator in the process of glucose uptake. Previous studies have shown that Glut-1 affects autophagy. However, it is unclear whether there is a correlation between Glut-1 and autophagy in the progression of laryngeal carcinoma.This study was performed to investigate the role of Glut-1 in the development of laryngeal carcinoma.Methods: A stable HEp-2 cell model was constructed by Glut-1 and Beclin-1 shRNA lentiviral infection. The autophagosome was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Protein levels of LC3, ATG5, CyclinD1, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and c-Myc were determined by Western blotting. CCK8 assay and Transwell assays were used to determine cell viability and migration rate of HEp-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the rate of apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the expression distribution of LC3. Results:Glut-1 knockdown significantly promoted autophagosome formation by upregulating the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I as well as the role of rapamycin (RAP) andBeclin-1 overexpression on autophagy flux in HEp-2 cells. Glut-1 inhibition also reduced the viability of HEp-2 cells followed by the decreases in expression of cyclinD1 and c-Myc. In addition, Glut-1 depletion increased the number of apoptotic HEp-2 cells accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2.Glut-1 knockdown also reduced the migration rate of HEp-2 cells by promoting the expression of N-cadherin and inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin. Beclin-1 consumption significantly reversed Gult-1 knockdown-mediated autophagy activation, resulting in promotion of both proliferation and migration and inhibition of apoptosis. Conclusions:Glut-1 knockdown-induced autophagy inhibits the proliferation and migration of HEp-2 cells, and promotes apoptosis of HEp-2 cells partly by regulating autophagy.

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“…Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of head and neck is uncommon 1–5. NEC is an aggressive malignant tumor that most commonly affects the larynx 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Primary poorly differentiated small cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma of the hypopharynx</p>

Zhou

2019

OTT

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The incidence of primary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNC) of the hypopharynx iŝ4%. However, the disease pathogenesis, natural history, and prognostic factors remain poorly understood. We report the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with multiple metastases from primary PDNC of the hypopharynx. Physical examination revealed ã3×4 cm left cervical mass located at the level III, with tenderness and an unclear boundary. Laryngoscopy revealed a large mass arising from the posterior hypopharynx; glottis and vocal cord movements were invisible. After consultation with our head and neck oncological multidisciplinary team, diagnosis and specific treatment plan were made. Under general anesthesia, a biopsy sample was obtained via suspension laryngoscopy. Routine pathology revealed small cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining identified neoplastic cells that were positive for cytokeratins, CD56, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. The Ki-67 mitotic index approached 80%. These findings confirmed hypopharyngeal PDNC, and chemotherapy was prescribed. After 7 months, the tumor metastasized to the left side of the anterior chest wall, bilateral lungs, left liver, and skeleton. The soft tissue of the chest wall was biopsied, and pathology revealed PDNC. Subsequent examinations over the next 4 months confirmed multiple liver metastatic lesions. The patient succumbed to the cancer progression a month later. Here, we systematically review the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment of the disease. In conclusion, patients always have a poor prognosis due to a lack of optimal treatment.

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Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastases From Atypical Laryngeal Carcinoids

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Metastatic laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A rare case of presentation and extreme tumor burden

Metastatic laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A rare case of presentation and extreme tumor burden

shRNA Glut-1 inhibits cell viability, apoptosis and migration of laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cells through regulating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy

<p>Primary poorly differentiated small cell type neuroendocrine carcinoma of the hypopharynx</p>

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