Cut flower disinfestation: Assessment of replacement fumigants for methyl bromide

Weller, G. L.; Graver, J. E. van S.

doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(98)00054-4

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Phytotoxicity of the fumigant to the commodities is very much dependent on the type of commodity treated, and the interaction of fumigant or its by-product with the chemical constituents of the commodities. These results are supported by Weller and Graver (1998) and Zhang and Van Epenhuijsen (2004) who reported that EF causes high phytotoxicity on cut flowers. In some previous studies, less damage to commodities was shown by using EF/PH 3 in combination achieving high mortality of target pests (Lee et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

Ahmed

Ren

Emery

et al. 2018

hortte

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Export celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) from Australia has been affected by a natural infestation of purple scum springtails (Hypogastrura vernalis). These insects live inside the celery head, contaminating fresh celery, but do not cause any visible damage. As a result, purple scum springtail-infested celery has led to rejection for export with an impact on market value for fresh produce. In this study, fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), phosphine (PH3), and their combination on mortality of purple scum springtails in naturally infested celery was evaluated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using concentrations of 50, 60, and 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 1, 2, and 4 hours; 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2, 4, and 6 hours; and 20, 30, and 40 mg·L−1 of EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3, for 2 and 4 hours at the laboratory temperature 25 °C. Complete control was achieved at 90 mg·L−1 of EF for 2 hours; however, phytotoxicity was observed in celery treated by EF at all concentrations. PH3 at 2.5 mg·L−1 achieved 100% mortality within 6 hours, and no phytotoxicity was evident. Mortality of 100% was achieved also at 30 and 40 mg·L−1 EF combined with 1 mg·L−1 of PH3 for 2 and 4 hours exposure time; however, phytotoxicity occurred with EF alone treatments and with the combination. From these data, we conclude that PH3 alone has potential as a fumigant for the preshipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

Ahmed

Ren

Emery

et al. 2018

hortte

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“…Phytotoxicity has been the main obstacle for use of phosphine fumigation on fresh products (Hatto et al, 1982;Leesch, 1984;Weller and Graver, 1998). For most fumigations with phosphine generated from metal phosphide, ammonia which is cogenerated to modulate phosphine-producing chemical reaction is considered as the main cause for the phytotoxicity to fresh commodities and has prevented Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Injury of Lettuce from Phosphine Fumigation

Liu

2014

hortte

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Fumigation with cylindered pure phosphine free of ammonia has been used commercially at low temperatures in recent years to control pests on harvested fresh fruit and vegetables. However, long fumigation treatments cause injuries to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and prevent its commercial use on lettuce. We evaluated whether absorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene can prevent injuries to lettuce in phosphine fumigation, hypothesizing that an accumulation of CO2 or ethylene be responsible for the injuries. Head and romaine lettuce were fumigated in chambers in the presence or absence of CO2 and ethylene absorbents for 3 days at 2 °C. The use of absorbents prevented lettuce injury associated with fumigation and resulted in higher lettuce quality. In the absence of the absorbents, both head and romaine lettuce sustained significant injuries in the form of brown stain, a typical symptom of CO2 injuries, and significantly reduced quality as compared with fumigation in the presence of absorbents. The injuries were likely caused by CO2 based on the facts that injuries were identical to CO2 injuries and the prevention of the injuries by the use of CO2 absorbent. The findings of this study have important implications for developing safe and effective phosphine fumigation protocols at low temperature for controlling insect pests on fresh commodities, especially when a long treatment time is required.

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“…Setidaknya terdapat tiga jenis fumigan yang digunakan secara luas, yaitu metil bromida, fosfin, dan sulfur flourida. Fosfin diketahui merupakan fumigan yang memiliki efek fitotoksisitas yang lebih rendah pada bunga potong dibandingkan dengan metil bromida, karbonil sulfida, dan hidrogen sianida (Weller & Graver 1998). Selain itu, fosfin formulasi padat memiliki beberapa kelemahan, yaitu membutuhkan waktu papar lama dan berisiko terbakar apabila diaplikasikan pada komoditas dengan kadar air yang tinggi (Barantan 2013).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Keefektifan fosfin formulasi cair terhadap Aphis gossypii Glover dan Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada bunga potong krisan

2015

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Keefektifan fosfin formulasi cair terhadap Aphis gossypiiGlover dan Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada bunga potong krisan ABSTRAKBunga potong krisan merupakan tanaman hias yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena memiliki nilai estetika dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Volume ekspor bunga krisan dari Indonesia masih relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh beberapa kendala di antaranya adalah terdapatnya organisme pengganggu tumbuhan pada bunga yang diekspor. Dua dari beberapa hama pada bunga krisan adalah Aphis gossypii Glover dan Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette. Salah satu perlakuan karantina untuk membebaskan komoditas pertanian dari hama adalah fumigasi. Alternatif fumigan yang memiliki keefektifan yang baik adalah fosfin formulasi cair. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi dan lama pemaparan yang dapat mematikan A. gossypii dan M. sanborni pada bunga potong krisan dan mengevaluasi kualitas bunga yang diperlakuan fumigan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 4 tahapan, diantaranya (1) identifikasi dan perbanyakan A. gossypii dan M. sanborni; (2) uji pendahuluan terhadap fase nimfa instar III dan imago; (3) aplikasi konsentrasi dan waktu papar fosfin formulasi cair terhadap fase nimfa instar III dan imago dari A. gossypii dan M. sanborni; dan (4) uji validasi konsentrasi dan waktu papar fosfin formulasi cair yang efektif dan mengevaluasi pengaruh terhadap kualitas bunga potong krisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi fumigan menyebabkan kematian 100% terhadap A. gossypii dan M. sanborni berturut-turut adalah 500 ppm dan 700 ppm, dengan lama pemaparan 12 jam. Penggunaan fosfin formulasi cair konsentrasi hingga 700 ppm dan lama pemaparan hingga 18 jam tidak berdampak buruk pada kualitas bunga potong krisan.Kata kunci: fumigan, fumigasi, kematian, konsentrasi, waktu pemaparan ABSTRACTCut flower of chrysanthemum has high aesthetic and economic values. Export volume of chrysanthemums from Indonesia are lower than other countries, due to the impact of insect pest. Insect pests, Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette are currently associated with cut flowers especially chrysanthemum. One control measures usually taken in quarantine is

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Cut flower disinfestation: Assessment of replacement fumigants for methyl bromide

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

Evaluation of Ethyl Formate, Phosphine, and Their Combination to Disinfest Harvested Celery against Purple Scum Springtails

Reducing Injury of Lettuce from Phosphine Fumigation

Keefektifan fosfin formulasi cair terhadap Aphis gossypii Glover dan Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada bunga potong krisan

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