“…There are various types of energy in the environment, such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, etc., and wind energy is undoubtedly an inexhaustible and very clean energy. So far, energy harvesting technologies have been extensively developed in several types: triboelectric ( Liu et al., 2021 ; Chen et al., 2018 ; Fan et al., 2012 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Wang, 2014 ), piezoelectric ( Abdelkefi et al., 2014 ; Alhadidi et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2021 ; Hu et al., 2018a ), electrostatic ( Mitcheson et al., 2004 ; Basset et al., 2014 ), pyroelectric ( He et al., 2022b ), and electromagnetic ( Avila Bernal and Linares García, 2012 ; He et al., 2022a ; Vicente-Ludlam et al., 2014 ). Compared to several other energy harvesting techniques, the use of piezoelectric and triboelectric is more suitable for this type of low frequency vibration, and a more systematical comparison is shown in Table S1 .…”