Customizing Place-Tailored Messaging Using a Multilevel Approach: Pilot Study of the Step It Up Physical Activity Mobile App Tailored to Neighborhood Environment

Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and individual-level socioeconomic status are associated with dopamine-mediated changes to monocyte subset CCR2 expression via a cAMP-dependent pathway

“…Given the known significant associations between SDoH and CVD, interventions aimed at the CCL2-CCR2 axis may best be designed as multilevel interventions, where they are focused both on increased community investment for areas with greatest neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and individual-level behavior change (i.e. stress reduction potentially incorporating mindfulness ( Proulx et al, 2018 ) and physical activity ( Vijayakumar et al, 2022 ),) which has been found to alter monocyte expression profiles ( Creswell et al, 2012 ; Timmerman et al, 2008 ) as well as monocyte CCR2 expression and subsequent macrophage differentiation and polarization ( Blanks et al, 2020 ). Ultimately, our findings reinforce the need for continued efforts using interdisciplinary approaches to identify biological pathways connecting SDoH to CVD, which may serve as novel intervention targets for addressing disparities in CVD outcomes.…”