Customized virtual surgical planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a prospective randomized trial

Current status of surgery-first approach (part III): the use of 3D technology and the implication in obstructive sleep apnea

“…Several studies have been added up to establish a methodologic process of the 3D virtual planning of orthognathic surgery [19,22,24,25]. It is a stepwise planning including diagnosis, 3D cephalometric measurements, virtual planning and osteotomy, and the prediction of the dentoskeletal movements and soft tissue changes [24,[26][27][28]. Preoperatively, MDCT or CBCT data were obtained, and a scanned dental cast data was fused to the virtual skeletal model by voxel-based matching methods [22].…”

“…The final occlusion can be obtained by either an occlusion positioned exclusively digitally or a scanned dental cast under final occlusal position. Schneider et al described that the best possible occlusion was achieved with the help of enlarging the 4 K display and a color-coded collision warning, preventing any occlusal interference [28]. Based on the simulated maxilla and mandible position, and their occlusion relationship, the design and fabrication of surgical wafers were performed using computer-aided design and manufacturing software and 3D printers.…”

“…Based on the simulated maxilla and mandible position, and their occlusion relationship, the design and fabrication of surgical wafers were performed using computer-aided design and manufacturing software and 3D printers. With the help of CAD/ CAM methods, the process can be more time-saving and precise than conventional methods to fabricate surgical wafers [28].…”

“…Several studies advocate the accuracy of the 3D planning for orthognathic surgery compared to the conventional 2D methods. Schneider et al concluded in their prospective randomized trial that there were significant differences in accuracy and in the duration of the operation in favor of the 3D surgical planning [28]. Bengtsson et al indicated that 2D and 3D planning techniques both showed a high accuracy in predicting facial outcome; however, 3D planning has an obvious advantage in asymmetric patients [29].…”

Three dimensional planning of orthognathic surgery: a narrative review of the Leuven protocol

“…The virtual planning is significantly faster for single-and double-jaw surgery compared to the conventional method [2]. Moreover, Scheinder et al recommended the use of virtual model surgery and the prefabricated three dimensionally (3D) printed splints to replace traditional orthognathic surgery as it becomes cost-effective [3]. Several virtual planning protocols have been published in the recent years [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”