Customized K-Means Clustering Based Color Image Segmentation Measuring PRI

Islam, Zahidul; Nahar, Shamsun; Islam, Saria; Mukherjee, Arnab; Ali, Lasker Ershad

doi:10.1109/icecit54077.2021.9641094

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our hypothesis states that the graphite particles get thermally shocked and become weakened as soon as they enter a high-temperature (3305 • C) plasma plume through feedstock. An inert Ar shroud, a short residence time of graphite particles in the plume, a high quenching rate of the technique, and heat transfer to the graphite particle protect these graphite particles from damage at high temperatures, it was clearly discussed in our previous work [19]. The thermally shocked and weakened graphite particles then enter the laminar zone, where they partially shear due to the viscosity and high plume velocity combination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In our previous study [19], we successfully exfoliated graphite to high-quality single-layer graphene using a plasma spraying technique at process parameters of 40 kW plasma power and 120 SCFH primary gas flow rate. In that study, in a view to understand the effect of temperature and velocity in achieving the single-layer graphene, we optimized the plasma spraying process parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After establishing the successful exfoliation of turbostratic multilayers, we attempted to understand the mechanism involved in graphene layer misalignment. In our earlier study, we exfoliated high-quality single-layer graphene directly from graphite using plasma spraying [19]. In that work, the exfoliation was accomplished as a result of thermal shock caused by hot plasma and subsequent shearing of graphite layers in both the laminar and turbulent zones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We exfoliated turbostratic graphene directly from graphite powder (Sigma-Aldrich, USA; CAS Number 7782-42-5) by utilizing a plasma spray system (Oerlikon Metco, Switzerland) equipped with a 9 MB gun. In our previous work [19], we described the exfoliation procedure of graphite to single or multilayer graphene; a similar exfoliation procedure has been followed for turbostratic graphene exfoliation. In short, the graphite powder was fed perpendicular to the plasma plume at a plasma power of 32 kW and the primary gas (argon (Ar)) flow rate of 120 SCFH.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Turbostratic Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simultaneous fulfillment of the aforementioned factors will be accomplished by the plasma spray technique, which we used in our earlier study i.e. the successful exfoliation of single-layer graphene from graphite [19]. During the optimization of spray parameters for achieving single-layer graphene, we found evidence of tBLG at a particular parameter, and it was proven that temperature and velocity of inflight graphite had a significant role in exfoliation by virtue of rapid thermal shock and two-stage shear force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exfoliation of graphite to turbostratic graphene

Kumar,

Islam,

Kiran

et al. 2023

2D Mater.

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Here, we exfoliated high-quality turbostratic graphene with a clean interface at a high production rate (10 g h−1) directly from graphite using an industrial-friendly technique i.e. plasma spraying, catching note of its growing global interest. The reduction of the (002) x-ray diffraction peak and the transparent scanning electron microscope image are used to characterize the exfoliation. The thickness of exfoliated graphene layers is measured using an atomic force microscope. Turbostratic nature (twist) in graphene is identified based on the appearance of three Raman combination bands (TS1, TS2, and TS3) between 1800 cm−1 and 2300 cm−1. The twist between the layers is precisely measured using selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and the turbostratic nature is confirmed by observing a moiré pattern utilizing a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The produced turbostratic graphene exhibited large variability in twist angles (2°–30°) with a visible moiré pattern. The high crystalline quality and clean interface between single layers of graphene were confirmed by the moiré pattern and SAED. Later, we demonstrated the mechanism underlying the twist in our exfoliated graphene, which could open the way for the production of high-quality turbostratic graphene with clean interfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Turbostratic Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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