Customized Facial Constant Positive Air Pressure (CPAP) Masks

Abstract

Sleep apnea is a syndrome that is characterized by sudden breathing halts while sleeping. One of the common treatments involves wearing a mask that delivers continuous air flow into the nostrils so as to maintain a steady air pressure. These masks are designed for an average facial model and are often difficult to adjust due to poor fit to the actual patient. The incompatibility is characterized by gaps between the mask and the face, which deteriorates the impermeability of the mask and leads to air leakage. We suggest a fully automatic approach for designing a personalized nasal mask interface using a facial depth scan. The interfaces generated by the proposed method accurately fit the geometry of the scanned face, and are easy to manufacture. The proposed method utilizes cheap commodity depth sensors and 3D printing technologies to efficiently design and manufacture customized masks for patients suffering from sleep apnea.

Unrestricted Facial Geometry Reconstruction Using Image-to-Image Translation

“…Image-based face recognition methods deform the recovered geometry for producing a neutralized and frontal version of the input face in a given image, reducing the variations between images of the same subject [49,19]. As for medical applications, acquiring the structure of a face allows for fine planning of aesthetic operations and plastic surgeries, designing of personalized masks [2,37] and even bio-printing facial organs.…”

Ergonomics and Personalization of Noninvasive Ventilation Masks

“…[8][9] In this review, various mask types including oxygen masks (eg, NIV and pilot oxygen masks) and respirators (eg, dust mask with or without a filter) were examined. Although masks may be used in different use conditions, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] their ergonomic features and design requirements to achieve optimal fit to users can be similar. Mask designs based on the analyses of face shapes and sizes, mask sizing systems, representative faces, and/or digital headforms have been explored for better comfort and fit of a mask to the face.…”

“…An ergonomic approach and personalization of mask designs would be a solution to NIV mask problems in the future. Various attempts [10][11][99][100][101] have been made to individualize the mask interface for NIV treatment. Although it is generally accepted that a personalized mask is preferred to a ready-made mask in terms of safety, adherence, minimizing complications, and effectiveness, cost issues are a major concern that limits the expansion of personalized NIV masks in the clinical field.…”

“…In addition, semiautomatic methods added to CAD software have been proposed to help medical professionals design customized border shapes, sizes, vents, strap holes, and prepare 3D-printing models. 11,21,23 Fitting Test…”

Robust 3D face reconstruction from single noisy depth image through semantic consistency

“…Generating a complete and high-quality 3D model from a single-view image is a fundamental problem in the computer vision community. Image-based 3D face estimation has a wide variety of applications in animation and virtual reality [1], face recognition [2], mask designs [3,4], human-machine interactions [5], and virtual driving [5]. This article studies the problem of 3D face reconstruction from a single noisy depth image.…”