Customized Design 3D Printed PLGA/Calcium Sulfate Scaffold Enhances Mechanical and Biological Properties for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Polylactic glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) has been widely used in tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and degradation properties. However, the mismatched mechanical and unsatisfactory biological properties of PLGA limit further application in bone tissue engineering. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is one of the most promising bone repair materials due to its non-immunogenicity, well biocompatibility, and excellent bone conductivity. In this study, aiming at the shortcomings of activity-lack and low mechanical of PLGA in bone tissue engineering, customized-designed 3D porous PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing. We first studied the physical properties of PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds and the results showed that CaSO4 improved the mechanical properties of PLGA scaffolds. In vitro experiments showed that PLGA/CaSO4 scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility. Moreover, the addition of CaSO4 could significantly improve the migration and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in the PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds, and the PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds made with 20 wt.% CaSO4 exhibited the best osteogenesis properties. Therefore, calcium sulfate was added to PLGA could lead to customized 3D printed scaffolds for enhanced mechanical properties and biological properties. The customized 3D-printed PLGA/CaSO4 scaffold shows great potential for precisely repairing irregular load-bearing bone defects.

An In Vitro Study of Local Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Antimicrobial Therapeutic Option for Patients with Periodontitis

“…The decay of biomaterials containing Ca 2+ generates a localized, calcium-abundant microenvironment that has been employed as a catalyst for wound healing and/or as an osteoinductive substance. [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species [ 41 , 42 , 43 ] and their application in antimicrobial dental therapy [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], as well as the use of CaO 2 for environmental purposes have been widely reported [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Multiple biomaterials for immediate implant placement tissue repair: Current status and future perspectives

“…Polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) are representative synthetic polymers that have been prepared to obtain a variety of scaffold materials. 129,130 PCL is an aliphatic and semi-crystalline polymer that displays remarkable toughness and mechanical strength, and it exhibits sufficient biocompatibility. However, its degradation products may contribute to the spread of degradation rates and inflammatory responses.…”

“…However, their mechanical and processing properties provide notable benefits. Polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) are representative synthetic polymers that have been prepared to obtain a variety of scaffold materials 129,130 …”

Integration of BMP-2/PLGA microspheres with the 3D printed PLGA/CaSO4 scaffold enhances bone regeneration

“…So, it is considered as one of the most promising materials for bone defect repair. In our previous study (Liu et al, 2022), we synthesized the PLGA/CaSO 4 scaffolds 3D-printed scaffolds (PC) with different ratios, and found that the incorporation of CaSO 4 with 20% wt in PLGA not only improved the mechanical properties of the scaffold but also enhanced its in vitro osteogenic effect (Liu et al, 2022), demonstrating that it is a promising material for bone repair. However, it is difficult to achieve sufficient bone defect repair with a single functional scaffold.…”

“…PLGA and CaSO 4 (20 wt% of the quality of PLGA) powder were added into the beaker and then stirred evenly at 200°C. The mixture was then injected into the 3D printer and the scaffold was printed according to the set parameters of the previous study (Liu et al, 2022). The nozzle temperature was 180 °C, and the temperature of supporting substrates during FDM printing was 120 °C.…”