Cusp expression of protostylid in deciduous and permanent molars

Abstract

The present article is a case report on the cusp expression of protostylid in the deciduous inferior molars and in the first permanent inferior molar, in which the correspondence and bilateral symmetry of the mentioned expression can be evidenced, as well as the their relation with the foramen cecum of the mesiobuccal furrows of the deciduous and of the permanent inferior molars.

Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with protostylid: a rare case report

“…The aetiology of protostylid remains unknown, but various theories have been proposed to explain their existence. Some researchers have hypothesized that protostylid originate from the growing centre of an enamel knot that will eventually become the location of the cuspid vertices during the morphogenetic phase, which is before the onset of amelogenesis and dentinogenesis [ 2 , 14 ].…”

“…The protostylid is a supernumerary cusp located on the mesial half of the buccal surface of the molars [ 1 , 2 ]. The first description of a protostylid was provided by Dahlberg who defined it as “an elevation or ridge of enamel that rises from the gingival end of the buccal groove and extends mesio-occlusally on the anterior part of the buccal surface of the lower molars.” [ 3 , 4 ].…”

“…The first description of a protostylid was provided by Dahlberg who defined it as “an elevation or ridge of enamel that rises from the gingival end of the buccal groove and extends mesio-occlusally on the anterior part of the buccal surface of the lower molars.” [ 3 , 4 ]. De Jonge-Cohen then termed it as “mesiobuccal edge prominencies” [ 1 ].A protostylid most commonly appears as a surface irregularity, which is divided into eight categories, presenting in the following form: (a) a smooth buccal surface; (b) a buccal fissure with a pit; (c) a buccal fissure curved distally; (d) a distal furrow from the vestibular furrow; (e) a more pronounced secondary groove; (f) a stronger secondary groove; (g) a secondary groove extending across most of the buccal side of the mesiobuccal cusp; (h) a cusp with a free apex [ 2 , 4 ]. The incidence of protostylid is low, and Bolk described it as a cusp that is usually found on the vestibular surface of the second and third lower molars, and less frequently on the first lower molars [ 2 ].…”

“…De Jonge-Cohen then termed it as “mesiobuccal edge prominencies” [ 1 ].A protostylid most commonly appears as a surface irregularity, which is divided into eight categories, presenting in the following form: (a) a smooth buccal surface; (b) a buccal fissure with a pit; (c) a buccal fissure curved distally; (d) a distal furrow from the vestibular furrow; (e) a more pronounced secondary groove; (f) a stronger secondary groove; (g) a secondary groove extending across most of the buccal side of the mesiobuccal cusp; (h) a cusp with a free apex [ 2 , 4 ]. The incidence of protostylid is low, and Bolk described it as a cusp that is usually found on the vestibular surface of the second and third lower molars, and less frequently on the first lower molars [ 2 ]. S. V. S. G. Nirmala et al reported that protostylid was also found on the left maxillary first primary molar [ 1 ].…”

Report on a Rare ‘Tooth Crown Morphological Trait’ in Permanent Mandibular Second Molar – Protoconidal Cingulum/Protostylid

“…Protostylids are an unique identifying feature for an individual and may play an important role in human identification in mass casualties, identification of a deceased individual in circumstances when all other human remain shave been destroyed, also in classification of bite marks on bodies and inanimate objects. Not only protostylids even other crown and root morphological traits are important from forensic and anthropological point of view [14][15][16][17].…”