Curved-grating surface-emitting DFB lasers and arrays

Macomber, S.H.; Mott, J. S.; Schwartz, B. D.; Setzko, R.S.; Powers, Jeffrey J.; Lee, Patricia A.; Kwo, D. P.; Dixon, R. M.; Logue, James E.

doi:10.1117/12.273813

Cited by 30 publications

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“…However, none of these devices have strong built-in dielectric structures for lateral-optical-mode control and stability, and as a result are vulnerable to temperatureand carrier-induced dielectric-constant variations [2], [3]. A good example of such behavior is the unstable resonator device [3], which, while operating single-mode to high peak-pulsed powers in a single, off-normal beam, can become multimode in continuous-wave (CW) operation due to thermal lensing.Here, we present a 2-D GSE structure which combines the strong built-in index guiding for lateral-mode control and stability of resonant-optical-waveguide (ROW) arrays [5], [6], with an inherently efficient single-lobe surface-emitting distributed-feedback (DFB)-type structure [7], [8]. The result is a device which holds the potential to achieve watt-range CW surface-emitted powers in a stable single mode.…”

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“…Three types of 2-D single-mode uniphase (i.e., emitting in a single lobe) surface emitters have been reported or proposed [2]- [4]. They involve angled gratings [2], a curved-grating unstable resonator [3], and hexagonal-lattice gratings [4]. However, none of these devices have strong built-in dielectric structures for lateral-optical-mode control and stability, and as a result are vulnerable to temperatureand carrier-induced dielectric-constant variations [2], [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Au is deposited to form the electrical contact in the DFB region. To insure no back reflections into the lasing cavity, absorbing InGaAs regions are then regrown [3] at the ends of DBR regions and at the array edges. Light is emitted through an antireflection-coated window in the substrate-side metallization.…”

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Design for high-power single-mode operation from 2-D surface-emitting ROW-DFB lasers

Botez

2005

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-Stable single-mode single-lobe operation to high powers is predicted for two-dimensional surface-emitting lasers, if second-order distributed feedback/distributed Bragg reflector (DFB/DBR) gratings are preferentially placed in the elements of a resonant-optical-waveguide array. Beside their usual functions (i.e., feedback and outcoupling), the gratings act as an effective array-mode selector due to different interaction with the gratings of different array modes. The in-phase array mode is strongly favored to lase around its (lateral) resonance due to better field overlap with DFB region and lower interelement absorption loss than for nonresonant array modes. For 20-element arrays with 700/600 m DFB/DBR gratings, emitting at = 0 98 m, high ( 100 A/cm 2 ) intermodal discrimination 1 th is obtained. 1 th is enhanced to 225 A/cm 2 by introducing free-carrier absorption in the array-interelement regions.Index Terms-Active photonic crystals, distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers, phase-locked oscillators, semiconductor lasers, surface-emitting lasers. , and hexagonal-lattice gratings [4]. However, none of these devices have strong built-in dielectric structures for lateral-optical-mode control and stability, and as a result are vulnerable to temperatureand carrier-induced dielectric-constant variations [2], [3]. A good example of such behavior is the unstable resonator device [3], which, while operating single-mode to high peak-pulsed powers in a single, off-normal beam, can become multimode in continuous-wave (CW) operation due to thermal lensing.Here, we present a 2-D GSE structure which combines the strong built-in index guiding for lateral-mode control and stability of resonant-optical-waveguide (ROW) arrays [5], [6], with an inherently efficient single-lobe surface-emitting distributed-feedback (DFB)-type structure [7], [8]. The result is a device which holds the potential to achieve watt-range CW surface-emitted powers in a stable single mode. ROW arrays, which are in effect laterally resonant active photonic crystals [6], have demonstrated diffraction-limited-beam operation to very high pulsed (10 W) and CW (1.6 W) output powers due to their large lateral (effective) index steps and uniform lateral-field intensity profiles [6]. We have also shown that second-order DFB/distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) devices with central phaseshift can provide single-frequency single-lobe surface emission with high efficiency [7], [8]. The relatively uniform guided-field profile [in the active (DFB) region] makes the device invulnerable to gain spatial hole burning, thus ensuring stable operation to high drive levels above threshold. Recently, we demonstrated this concept with a ridge-guide for lateral-mode control [9]. Single-frequency lasing in an orthonormally emitted single-lobe diffraction-limited beam was obtained to 3 threshold from unoptimized devices.We theoretically show that inserting DFB/DBR gratings with phaseshift only in the elements of a ROW array provides a 2-D GSE device with both large intermodal discr...

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Design for high-power single-mode operation from 2-D surface-emitting ROW-DFB lasers

Botez

2005

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…The second configuration combines the feedback and out-coupling into a single second-order Bragg grating. While the beam-forming capability is somehow limited in this configuration, stable normal to the surface out-coupling is intrinsically guaranteed without any beam steering [5]. In addition, by matching the curvature of the second order grating to the phase front of the forward propagating wave, collimated outcoupling beam can be achieved.…”

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High Speed Modulation, Beam Steering and Control of High Power Diode Lasers

Moloney¹

2000

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Public reporting burden for this collection of Information Is estimated to average I hour per response. Including th< maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of Information. Send comments regi information, Including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services. Directorate for Ir Arlington VA 22202-4302 and to the Office of Management and Budget. Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington. DC 20503. This contract funded a major effort in bringing to maturity, a first-principles theory of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers based on a fully microscopic description of the light semiconductor material coupling. Signficant breakthroughs were made at the microscopic physics level by explicitly Including all of the relevant excited bands in the active region of the device and obtaining quantitative agreement with gain/Index and linewldth enhancement spectra measured for a variety of Quantum Well structures at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM. The full nonlinear pde model for high power wide aperture semiconductor lasers was reformulated theoretically so as to take advantage of speed and excellent parallel scaling of our ONYS2 in-house supercomputer. AGENCY USE ONLY (Resulting from this Is the first Interactive simulator for designing new generations of high brightness semiconductor devices. We were able to begin building a fully interactive platform-independent optoelectronic simulator which should have a major impact on designing sophisticated telecoms systems. Funding also allows major Inroads in explaining the novel creation of an optically turbulent atmospheric light guide. This contract funded a major effort in bringing to maturity, a first-principles theory of semiconductor lasers and amplifiers based on a fully microscopic description of the light semiconductor material coupling. Significant breakthroughs were made at the microscopic physics level by explicitly including all of the relevant excited bands in the active region of the device and obtaining quantitative agreement with gain/index and linewidth enhancement spectra measured for a variety of Quantum Well structures at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The füll nonlinear pde model for high power wide aperture semiconductor lasers was reformulated theoretically so as to take advantage of speed and excellent parallel scaling of our 0NYX2 in-house supercomputer.Resulting from this is the first interactive simulator for designing new generations of high brightness semiconductor devices. We were able to begin building a fully interactive platform-independent optoelectronic simulator which should have a major impact on designing sophisticated telecoms systems. Contract funding also allowed us to make major inroads in explaining the novel creation of an optically turbulent atmospheric light guide. Again our excellent supercomputing resources provided by DURBP awards allowed us to build the sophisticated parallel solvers needed to resolve extremely s...

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Highly efficient surface-emitting semiconductor lasers exploiting quasi-crystalline distributed feedback photonic patterns

Biasco

Ciavatti

et al. 2020

Light Sci Appl

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Quasi-crystal distributed feedback lasers do not require any form of mirror cavity to amplify and extract radiation. Once implemented on the top surface of a semiconductor laser, a quasi-crystal pattern can be used to tune both the radiation feedback and the extraction of highly radiative and high-quality-factor optical modes that do not have a defined symmetric or anti-symmetric nature. Therefore, this methodology offers the possibility to achieve efficient emission, combined with tailored spectra and controlled beam divergence. Here, we apply this concept to a onedimensional quantum cascade wire laser. By lithographically patterning a series of air slits with different widths, following the Octonacci sequence, on the top metal layer of a double-metal quantum cascade laser operating at THz frequencies, we can vary the emission from single-frequency-mode to multimode over a 530-GHz bandwidth, achieving a maximum peak optical power of 240 mW (190 mW) in multimode (single-frequency-mode) lasers, with record slope efficiencies for multimode surface-emitting disordered THz lasers up to ≈570 mW/A at 78 K and ≈720 mW/A at 20 K and wall-plug efficiencies of η ≈ 1%.

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Curved-grating surface-emitting DFB lasers and arrays

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Design for high-power single-mode operation from 2-D surface-emitting ROW-DFB lasers

Design for high-power single-mode operation from 2-D surface-emitting ROW-DFB lasers

High Speed Modulation, Beam Steering and Control of High Power Diode Lasers

Highly efficient surface-emitting semiconductor lasers exploiting quasi-crystalline distributed feedback photonic patterns

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