Curvature and Fracturing Based on GPS Data Collected at Sheep Mountain Anticline, WY

Allwardt, Patricia F.; Bellahsen, Nicolas; Pollard, David D.

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.20146694

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[7] Abundant outcrops at SMA have motivated numerous structural studies focusing on fault-related folding [Forster et al, 1996;Hennier and Spang, 1983;Sanz et al, 2007;Savage and Cooke, 2004;Stanton and Erslev, 2004] and fold-related fracturing [Allwardt et al, 2007;Bellahsen et al, 2006aBellahsen et al, , 2006bHarris et al, 1960;Johnson et al, 1965;Sanz et al, 2008;Savage et al, 2010]. SMA is a northwest-southeast trending, doubly plunging, asymmetric, basement-cored fold (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the hydrocarbon industry surface models have been used for nearly a century to define trap geometry, identify spill points, and estimate trap potential [e.g., DeGolyer, 1928;Howell, 1934]. Models of folded surfaces are necessary input for curvature analysis, which has been used to describe folded surfaces geometrically [Bengtson, 1981;Bergbauer and Pollard, 2003;Lisle, 1992;Lisle and Robinson, 1995;Lisle and Martinez, 2005;Mynatt et al, 2007a;Pearce et al, 2006;Roberts, 2001], and as a proxy for strain [Bevis, 1986;Ekman, 1988;Lisle, 1994Lisle, , 1999Nothard et al, 1996;Samson and Mallet, 1997;Wynn and Stewart, 2005] and for fracture density and orientation [Allwardt et al, 2007;Bergbauer, 2002;Fischer and Wilkerson, 2000;Hennings et al, 2000;Lisle, 1994;Murray, 1968;Thomas et al, 1974]. Structure contour maps may be compared to synthetic structure contour maps constructed using displacement fields from numerical models to infer fault geometry [e.g., Hilley et al, 2010;Maerten et al, 2000] and to confirm the subsurface interpretation of fault geometry made using seismic and well data [e.g., Fiore et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Pearce et al [2006] and Allwardt et al [2007] use differential GPS to constrain the geometry of small folds and small patches of larger folds. Mynatt et al [2007b] and Kaven et al [2009] use airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), also known as airborne lidar, and numerical interpolation to constrain fold geometry at Raplee Ridge, Utah.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Lovely¹,

Zahasky²,

Pollard³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Constraints available at the Earth's surface on the geometry of geologic folds often are discontinuous, consisting of scattered bedding surface outcrops representing the position and orientation of different stratigraphic surfaces. For this reason, characterization of fold geometry from surface data, by methods such as sequential balanced cross sections, remains a subjective and interpretive process. We present a new method for modeling the geometry of kilometer-scale folds using dense, precise topographic data available from airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), outcrop-scale geologic mapping, and a reproducible numerical interpolation method that is free of subjectivity. Geologic mapping at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, enables the association of hundreds of thousands of ALSM data points with 14 weathering-resistant bedding surfaces from seven different stratigraphic units ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous. These data, supplemented by several hundred strike and dip measurements constraining local orientation of folded strata, are projected to the stratigraphic position of a single surface and used as constraint for a smoothed minimum curvature spline interpolation to generate a continuous representation of fold geometry. Both strengths and weaknesses of the new method are discussed in the context of comparison between the new surface model and an existing model constructed by traditional methods.Citation: Lovely, P., C. Zahasky, and D. D. Pollard (2010), Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop-scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation,

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Lovely¹,

Zahasky²,

Pollard³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Laser rangefinders can be purchased for a fraction of the price of TLS units and for small scale applications they present a viable alternative for determining distances to inaccessible areas. Laser rangefinders have been used previously in diverse research applications such as structural bedrock mapping of the Sheep Mountain anticline (Allwardt et al, 2007), mapping of ground fissures involved in coal bed fires (Ide et al, 2010) and recording positions of rutting elk and their behaviour with regards to vehicle traffic (St. Clair and Forrest, 2009). A laser rangefinder has also been used to create small scale digital terrain models by interpolating point measurements (Lewicki et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the application of a laser rangefinder for determining snow depth in inaccessible alpine terrain

Hood

2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Snow is a major contributor to stream flow in alpine watersheds and quantifying snow depth and distribution is important for hydrological research. However, direct measurement of snow in rugged alpine terrain is often impossible due to avalanche and rock fall hazard. A laser rangefinder was used to determine the depth of snow in inaccessible areas. Laser rangefinders use ground based light detection and ranging technology but are more cost effective than airborne surveys or terrestrial laser scanning systems and are highly portable. Data were collected within the Opabin watershed in the Canadian Rockies. Surveys were conducted on one accessible slope for validation purposes and two inaccessible talus slopes. Laser distance data was used to generate surface models of slopes when snow covered and snow-free and snow depth distribution was quantified by differencing the two surfaces. The results were compared with manually probed snow depths on the accessible slope. The accuracy of the laser rangefinder method as compared to probed depths was 0.21 m or 12% of average snow depth. Results from the two inaccessible talus slopes showed regions near the top of the slopes with 6-9 m of snow accumulation. These deep snow accumulation zones result from re-distribution of snow by avalanches and are hydrologically significant as they persist until late summer.

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Curvature and Fracturing Based on GPS Data Collected at Sheep Mountain Anticline, WY

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Fold geometry at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming, constructed using airborne laser swath mapping data, outcrop‐scale geologic mapping, and numerical interpolation

Assessing the application of a laser rangefinder for determining snow depth in inaccessible alpine terrain

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