“…The ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) (ISTE, 2021) and ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence) (ECDL, 2021) are among the most well-known standards developed to create specific competencies in the field of informatics. In addition, many countries worldwide such as Australia, Canada, China, Ireland, New Zealand, Turkey, the USA, and the UK have identified standards or basic skills that define their technology competencies at the secondary school level and other levels (ACARA, 2020;Burrill, Lappan & Gonulates, 2015;Department of Education, 2013;DET, 2021;Education Bureau, 2021;ME, 2019;MEB, 2018;NCCA, 2021;NL Canada, 2021;Parsons & Beauchamp, 2012;Richards & Turner 2019;Sparapani, Perez, Gould, Hillman, & Clark, 2014;Wang, 2019). These standards may change according to the conditions of the day.…”