Curriculum and Pharmacy practice experience offered for Pharm-D in Pakistan: needs and possibilities

Madiha, Madiha; Yang, Chaowu

doi:10.3329/icpj.v3i8.19406

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concept of pharmacy practice experience is clearly lacking in the Pakistani curriculum, as the Pakistani curriculum does not require students to have community and hospital pharmacy experience. However, the completion of a clinical pharmacy clerkship is one of the requirements to obtain a PharmD degree in Pakistan, although no structured plan on how to execute this clerkship is mentioned in the curriculum [ 2 ]. In light of the poor healthcare infrastructure in Pakistan, concerns exist whether the learning outcomes of the clinical clerkship are frequently achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for redesigned pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan: the perspectives of senior pharmacy students

Khan

Ahmad²,

Hussain

et al. 2015

J Educ Eval Health Prof

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Purpose:In Pakistan, courses in pharmacy practice, which are an essential component of the PharmD curriculum, were launched with the aim of strengthening pharmacy practice overall and enabling pharmacy students to cope with the challenges involved in meeting real-world healthcare needs. Since very little research has assessed the efficacy of such courses, we aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of pharmacy practice courses and their opinions about whether their current knowledge of the topics covered in pharmacy practice courses is adequate for future practice.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted over two months among the senior pharmacy students of two pharmacy colleges. A content- and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect data, which were then analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed.Results:Research in pharmacy practice (30.2%), applied drug information (34.4%), health policy (38.1%), public health and epidemiology (39.5%), pharmacovigilance (45.6%), and pharmacoeconomics (47.9%) were the major courses that were covered to the least extent in the PharmD curriculum. However, hospital pharmacy practice (94.4%), pharmacotherapeutics (88.8%), and community pharmacy practice (82.8%) were covered well. Although 94% of students considered these courses important, only 37.2% considered themselves to be competent in the corresponding topics. Of the participants, 87.9% agreed that the pharmacy courses in the present curriculum should be redesigned.Conclusion:Our results showed that the pharmacy practice courses in the current PharmD curriculum do not encompass some important core subjects. A nationwide study is warranted to further establish the necessity for remodelling pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for redesigned pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan: the perspectives of senior pharmacy students

Khan

Ahmad²,

Hussain

et al. 2015

J Educ Eval Health Prof

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“…Change of system of evaluation is one of the stressors, as recently HEC has changed its system of evaluation from annual to semester system. [20] The current study was aimed to identify various psychological disorders among pharmacy students having different mode of evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Pharmacy Undergraduates of Annual and Semester System: A Cohort-Based Comparison

Azam¹,

Ishaq²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2020

JPPCM

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Objectives: The current study was aimed to evaluate the anxiety, depression and stress (AD&S) among two different academic performance systems (i.e. semester and annual system). Methods: A questionnairebased, cross-sectional survey technique was adopted. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to assess the AD&S among pharmacy undergraduates enrolled at Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan Quetta. SPSS v 20.0 was used for data coding and analysis whereas both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data elaboration. Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine pharmacy undergraduates participated in the study with a distribution of 43.3% belonging to the annual academic system and 56.7% from the semester system. Students Majority were of 20 years old (59, 20.4%), including both male (194, 67.1%) and female (95, 32.9%). The mean AD&S scores of the entire cohort were 14.15±9.3, 13.61±7.9 and 18.18±8.2 respectively representing moderate AD&S among pharmacy undergraduates. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was reported among students of annual and semester system for all three variables of study whereby the students of semester system were more in AD&S as compared to the annual system. Conclusion: Based on the findings of current study it is suggested that measure should be taken to reduce the AD&S among students for better academic performance. This is achievable by engaging students by inquiring their queries and problems faced during the semester-related activities. By doing so, a stress-free environment is predicted hence bringing academic prosperity among students leading to the development of a more qualified and satisfied future pharmacist.

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“…For example, in the U.S., the pharmaceutical care service called medication therapy management (MTM), has been codified into law, and Medicare Part D providers are required to offered MTM services to a specific subset of patients 19,25,28-30. This situation differs from many developing countries, which have changed to the PharmD degree, that still have no supporting regulations and often no professional fee framework to reward pharmacists for making high-risk clinical decisions 4,31,32 …”

Section: The Transition From the Bpharm To The Pharmd Degreementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2006, the pharmacy education system in Japan was in transition from the traditional 4-year programme into two programmes, namely: a traditional 4-year programme and a new 6-year Bachelor of Pharmacy programme, which is similar to the PharmD programme 51,52. The traditional 4-year programme emphasised pharmaceutical sciences due to the career decisions of graduates; approximately 80% of Japanese pharmacy graduates enter the pharmaceutical industry 31. The 4-year BPharm graduates are not able to obtain a national pharmacy license 53.…”

Section: Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A transition from the BPharm to the PharmD degree in five selected countries

Supapaan¹,

Low²,

Wongpoowarak³

et al. 2019

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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This review focuses on the studies and opinions around issues of transition from the BPharm to the PharmD degree in the U.S., Japan, South Korea, Pakistan and Thailand.The transition to the clinically orientated PharmD degree in many countries was seen to be a means of developing the profession. However, some countries have both clinically-oriented and pharmaceutical sciences-oriented PharmD programme that are designed to meet the needs of their countries. Each country created a different process to handle the transition to an all-PharmD programme, but mostly had the process of school accreditation mandated by the regulatory bodies. The main barrier to the transition in most of the countries was the issue of educational quality. A set of indicators is needed to measure and monitor the impact/outcome of the PharmD degree.Each country has different needs due to the different contexts of health care systems and the scope of pharmacy practice. In order to increase their chances of benefiting from the new programme, academic leaders should critically assess their countries’ needs before deciding to adopt a PharmD programme.

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Curriculum and Pharmacy practice experience offered for Pharm-D in Pakistan: needs and possibilities

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

The need for redesigned pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan: the perspectives of senior pharmacy students

The need for redesigned pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan: the perspectives of senior pharmacy students

Frequency of Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Pharmacy Undergraduates of Annual and Semester System: A Cohort-Based Comparison

A transition from the BPharm to the PharmD degree in five selected countries

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