Currently available methods of industrial nanodiamond synthesis

Dolmatov, V. Yu.; Veretennikova, M. V.; Marchukov, V. A.; Sushchev, V. G.

doi:10.1134/1.1711434

Cited by 88 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[88][89][90][91][92] In Table 1 several subclasses of NCD were identified based on the use of higher methane concentrations (1-4% CH 4 in H 2 ), [74] biased plasma (energetic ion flux), [77,78] nitrogen addition, [82,93] and very low CH 4 concentrations (0.1 to 0.5% CH 4 in H 2 ). [50] A strategy employed to achieve high quality NCD is to seed a substrate with at least a monolayer of the smallest diamonds available (currently the explosively formed nanodiamond powder, ultradisperse diamond (UDD), [5,94,95] then grow homoepitaxially on these seeds under highquality diamond CVD conditions (very low carbon content in the reactants). [50] This high-quality NCD (as determined by optical, [57,96] electrical, [97,98] and mechanical properties [50] ) is grown in 600-1200 W microwave plasmas with 0.1-0.3% CH 4 in H 2 under 5-30 Torr pressure, and a substrate temperature between 400 and 900 8C.…”

Section: Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term ''diamond'' has a specific meaning in science, referring to the cubic crystalline form of carbon, space group O h 7 Fd3 m. [4] Some of the diamond materials discussed in the review may contain a fraction of non-crystalline or amorphous carbon, generally less than 5% non-diamond carbon. We shall not cover in any detail the synthesis and characterization of nanodiamond particles or powders formed by explosive techniques, [5] nor the broader field of amorphous carbon films, many of which are referred to as 'diamond-like carbon films' which, in retrospect, is an unfortunate and confusing term used in the literature. [6,7] In this review, we shall subdivide nanocrystalline diamond films into two broad, yet very different, categories based on the growth chemistries and properties: UNCD films which are generally grown in argon-rich, hydrogen-poor CVD environments, and NCD, which are generally grown in hydrogen-rich and carbon-lean CVD growth environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The CVD of Nanodiamond Materials

Butler

Sumant

2008

Chemical Vapor Deposition

338

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growth and characteristics of nanocrystalline diamond thin films with thicknesses from 20 nm to less than 5 mm are reviewed. These materials contain between 95% and >99.9% diamond crystallites, the balance being made up from other forms of carbon. Within this class of materials there is a continuous range of composition, characteristics, and properties which depend on the nucleation and growth conditions. It is convenient to classify these films as either ultra-nanocrystalline-diamond (UNCD) or nanocrystalline-diamond (NCD) based on their microstructure, properties, and growth environment. In general, UNCD materials are composed of small particles of diamond ca. 2-5 nm in size with sp 2 -carbon bonding between the particles. UNCD is usually grown in argon-rich, hydrogen-poor CVD environments, and may contain up to 95-98% sp 3 -bonded carbon. NCD materials start with high density nucleation, initiating nanometer-sized diamond domains which grow in a columnar manner with the grain size coarsening with thickness. NCD is generally grown in carbon-lean and hydrogen-rich environments. NCD and UNCD exhibit an interesting range of physical properties which find use in X-ray windows and lithography, micro-and nanomechanical and optical resonators, tribological shaft seals and atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, electron field emitters, platforms for chemical and DNA sensing, and many other applications.

show abstract

Section: Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CVD of Nanodiamond Materials

Butler

Sumant

2008

Chemical Vapor Deposition

338

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, according to thermodynamic calculations, free carbon produced in detonation products of condensed carbon-containing individual explosives with a negative oxygen balance should condense into diamond [5]. Most used explosives are trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexogen, octogen and their mixtures.…”

Section: Detonation Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanodiamonds: From Synthesis and Purification to Deposition Techniques, Hybrids Fabrication and Applications

Arnault

2016

Carbon Nanoparticles and Nanostructures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present chapter summarizes the recent advances in the production and the purification methods of nanodiamonds. The different strategies for seeding and patterning of surfaces are detailed. First reports of hybrids based on nanodiamonds are included like core shell particles or decoration with carbon dots or metallic atoms. Finally, an overview of applications for composites and nanomedicine is provided.

show abstract

“…Moreover, nanodiamonds have shown promise for spintronic applications, namely quantum information and technology [4]. The most commonly used method to synthesize nanodiamonds is by detonation synthesis [5], however, this approach leads to non-uniform size distributions and non-well defined terminations such as graphitic shells, making it necessary to purify and oxidize the obtained nanodiamonds after synthesis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%