Current weight of evidence of viruses associated with peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

The pathological role of human herpesviruses (HHVs) (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], Human cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Herpes simplex virus [HSV]) in peri-implant health needs clarification quantitatively. To determine the weight of evidence for HHVs in patients with peri-implantitis (PI) and substantiate the significance of HHVs in peri-implant inflammation, electronic databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1964 up to and including November 2018.Meta-analyses were conducted for prevalence of HHVs in PI and healthy controls.Forest plots were generated that recorded risk difference (RD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five clinical studies were considered and included. Four clinical studies reported data on EBV while three clinical studies reported data on CMV. Considering the risk of these viruses in PI, significant heterogeneity for CMV (χ 2 = 53.37, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 96.25%) and EBV (χ 2 = 14.14, p = 0.002, I 2 = 78.79%) prevalence was noticed between PI and healthy control sites. The overall RD for only EBV (RD = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.01-0.40, p = 0.03) was statistically significant between both groups. Frequencies of the viruses were increased in patients with PI compared with healthy nondiseased sites. However, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution because of significant heterogeneity and small number of included studies.

Dental Implant Failure Rate and Marginal Bone Loss in Transplanted Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Despite that there were no differences between SOT with control patients, we emphasize that SOT presents high prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infections, increasing morbidity and mortality [37]. Remarkably, herpesviruses like CMV or EBV were recently associated to be in higher frequency in peri-implantitis lesions [38], which may result in the clinical failure of the implant. Beyond the implant success, we should be aware that peri-implantitis pockets may be a reservoir for herpesviruses to enter into the bloodstream via an ulcerated epithelium.…”

Epstein–Barr Virus and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…There is no review so far that specifically focused on the relationship between EBV and peri-implantitis, but there are three recent reviews that study the microbiological profile of peri-implantitis [36] or the association of viruses [37], or more explicitly the herpesvirus [38], with the appearance of this pathology.…”

“…Unlike the present review, the only existing meta-analysis did find a statistically significant difference in the presence of EBV between the PI and HI groups. However, this difference between the two meta-analyses is based solely on the inclusion of a single different article in the quantitative analysis [37].…”

Periimplantitis und Parodontitis: ein Vergleich auf mikrobiologischer Ebene

“…Die Rolle der Viren in der Parodontitis ist sehr umstritten und nicht vollends geklärt [7]. Jedoch gibt es die Evidenz, dass virale Infektionen die Immunreaktion des Wirts modifizieren und daraus resultierend auch einen Einfluss auf Progressionsraten haben können.…”