Current waveform effects on CMT welding of mild steel

Chen, Maoai; Dong, Zhou; Chen, Wu

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.004

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For WAAM, the cold metal transfer (CMT) process, introduced 15 years ago [16], is often used and is based on reciprocating motions of the filler wire and short-circuiting or dip transfer mode of the material [17,18]. This enables much lower heat input and reduced spatter compared to conventional pulsed arc mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Lervåg

Sørensen

Robertstad

et al. 2020

Metals

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For many years, the oil and gas industry has utilized superduplex stainless steels due to their high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used with superduplex filler wire to create walls with different heat input. Due to the multiple heating and cooling cycles during layer deposition, brittle secondary phases may form such as intermetallic sigma (σ) phase. By inspecting deposited walls within wide range of heat inputs (0.40–0.87 kJ/mm), no intermetallic phases formed due to low inter-pass temperatures used, together with the high Ni content in the applied wire. Lower mechanical properties were observed with high heat inputs due to low ferrite volume fraction, precipitation of Cr nitrides and formation of secondary austenite. The walls showed good toughness values based on both Charpy V-notch and CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Lervåg

Sørensen

Robertstad

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…The adjustment of positive/ negative electrode ratio had little impact on the droplet size. Maoai Chen et al [12] found that the droplet size increases with an increase in the boost current. Due to the same peak current, the droplet size during positive cycle remained unchanged.…”

Section: Arc Behavior and Droplet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of positive/negative electrode ratio on cold metal transfer welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Variable polarity cold metal transfer (VPCMT) is a newly developed welding process and has drawn extensive interests because of its potential in further reducing the heat input, offering greater gap bridging ability, and improving the deposition rate. Using 6061 aluminum alloy as an example, this paper systematically investigated the influences of the key parameter in VPCMT, i.e., "positive/negative electrodes ratio (EP/EN Balance)," on weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties. It was found that, with the increase of the EP/EN Balance value, the duty cycle of the negative phase was reduced but the peak current and maximum temperature of the weld pool were both increased resulting in a higher heat input. The positive/negative electrode ratio had little impact on the grain misorientation angle in the fusion zone. Hardness of the joint was higher with larger positive duty cycles because of the precipitate phase and small grain size. An increased negative duty cycle resulted in lower heat input leading to insufficient melting of the material and deterioration of the mechanical strength of the welds.

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“…Molds renovated this way are heat-treated and machined to the required dimensions and surface quality. The latest published research on mold restoration by welding [5,6,[15][16][17][18] aims to identify ways and possibilities to increase mold surface lifetime using CMT welding and to verify the suitability of the chemical composition of newly developed additive materials for mold restoration. Such layers will withstand the presented combinations of tribodegradation factors while being resistant to the action of the injected liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pang and Cong et al [18,21] investigated the influence of the heat input in CMT and modified the CMT welding process (CMT-pulsed, CMT-advanced, CMT-pulse advanced) to optimize the weld bead geometry and minimize porosity. Chen [17] studied CMT welding of mild steel under different welding conditions and the effect of cold metal transfer on the final weld geometry and weld quality. A combination of laser-CMT, TIG-CMT [22], or the CMT method assisted with a hybrid magnetic field can also be used [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Cold Metal Transfer Welding for High Pressure Die Casting Mold Restoration

Brezinová

Džupon

Vojtko

et al. 2019

Metals

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This paper presents results of the research focused on the possibility of the restoration of the shape parts of molds made of X15CrNiSi20-12 (EN 100 95) heat-resistant austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel working in high-pressure die casting of aluminum alloys by clad welding. There were tested two welding wires—E Ni 6625 and E 18 8 Mn B 2 2—deposited on X15CrNiSi20-12 (EN 100 95) tool steel using cold metal transfer (CMT) welding in a protective atmosphere of Ar. The resistance of welds was tested against dissolution in molten aluminum alloy ENAC-AlSi9 and the testing procedure was designed. The resistance of welds against dissolution were assessed by exposition of welded clads in an aluminum melt for 120 and 300 min. The EDX semi-quantitative microanalyses of element distribution were performed at the welding–melt interface, and build-ups were also observed on the surface of welded clads.

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Current waveform effects on CMT welding of mild steel

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Effect of positive/negative electrode ratio on cold metal transfer welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

Application of Cold Metal Transfer Welding for High Pressure Die Casting Mold Restoration

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