Current-Voltage Curves of Atomic-Sized Transition Metal Contacts: An Explanation of Why Au is Ohmic and Pt is Not

Nielsen, S.K.; Brandbyge, Mads; Hansen, Kim Vang; Stokbro, Kurt; Ruitenbeek, J. M. van; Besenbacher, Flemming

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.066804

Cited by 100 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…11, the ratio of G ͑2͒ V 2 and G ͑3͒ V 3 to the total current is ϳ0.1%. In accordance with a first-principles calculation by Nielsen et al, 13 a Pt single-atom contact with an interatomic distance of 0.29 nm shows a nonlinear current-voltage curve owing to modulation of the d orbitals by voltage-induced potentials.…”

Section: F Current-voltage Curves Of Pt Ncs and Aswssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…The curves deviate from linear relationships at higher voltages. As previously done by Nielsen et al, 13 we fitted the currentvoltage curves of the contact presented in Figs. 7͑a͒-7͑h͒ with third-order polynomials, I total = G ͑1͒ V + G ͑2͒ V 2 + G ͑3͒ V 3 ͑I total : the total current; V: bias voltage; G ͑1͒ , G ͑2͒ , and G ͑3͒ : coefficients of the first-, second-, and third-order terms corresponding to the conductance components of lower bias voltages, the polarity dependence of the asymmetry of the contact structure and nonlinearity, respectively͒.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…multichannels dominate their conductance. 13,33,38,39 As the spatial distribution of the 5d electrons is localized, wire expansion causes a larger change in the distribution. de la Vega et al 38 showed from a first-principles calculation that the conductance of a Pt ASW composed of eight atoms decreases by 0.5G 0 when the interatomic distance increases by 0.01 nm from 0.28 nm, corresponding to a strain increase of ϳ0.04.…”

Section: Relationship Between the Conductance And Length Of Pt Aswsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] This artificial one-dimensional arrangement of single atoms is unstable; gold ͑Au͒ ASWs survive for up to 2 ms at a retraction speed of ϳ10 nm/ s. On the basis of similarity in surface reconstruction, it is proposed that ASWs of the single metallic elements, platinum ͑Pt͒ and iridium ͑Ir͒, also possess structural stability comparable to that of Au ASWs. The formation process of ASWs during thinning of NCs has been investigated in relation to their quantized conductance defined by a quantum ͑G 0 =2e 2 / h, where e is the electron charge and h is Planck's constant͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6,7,13,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The deviation from quantized values is interpreted on the basis of inelastic scattering of electrons at 5d orbitals. 13,33,38,39 A relationship between the conductance and length of ASWs was reported; for Au, Pt, and Ir ASWs, their conductance oscillates depending on parity in the number of constituent atoms. 13,33,38,39 Furthermore, whereas the average conductance level of Au ASWs is maintained as wire length increases up to the ten-atom length, the average conductance of Pt ASWs decreases with wire length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Kizuka

Monna

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Platinum ͑Pt͒ wires of single-atom width were produced by the retraction of a Pt nanotip from contact with a Pt plate at room temperature inside a transmission electron microscope. The distance between the nanotip and the plate was controlled using a conductance feedback system, as a result of which wires showing certain conductance values were observed continuously by in situ lattice imaging. Simultaneously, the force acting on the wires was measured using a function of atomic force microscopy. The tip-plate distance was also increased with a constant speed, and the atomic configuration, force, and conductance were similarly investigated. The single-atom-width Pt wires were found to exhibit straight shapes with an interatomic distance of 0.28Ϯ 0.03 nm. The wires were stable at a tensile force of approximately 1 nN; the observed interatomic distance resulted from elastic expansion. The present study demonstrated experimental evidence for the relationship between wire length and conductance; the wires extend from a three-atom length to a five-atom length as the selected feedback conductance decreases from 2.0 to 0.5G 0 ͑where G 0 =2e 2 / h, e being the charge of an electron and h Planck's constant͒. Contacts exhibiting a conductance of 3.0G 0 were two-atom-width contacts. In a conductance histogram constructed from the simple retraction, only one peak was observed at 1.3G 0 . Thus, it was found that the conductance of single-atom-width Pt wires is less than 3.0G 0 , with 1.3G 0 being that of the most-stable state.

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Section: F Current-voltage Curves Of Pt Ncs and Aswssupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between the Conductance And Length Of Pt Aswsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Kizuka

Monna

2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Electrochemically Assisted Fabrication of Metal Atomic Wires and Molecular Junctions by MCBJ and STM‐BJ Methods

et al. 2010

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Atomic wires (point contacts) and molecular junctions are two fundamental units in the fields of nanoelectronics and devices. This Minireview introduces our recent approaches aiming to develop versatile methods to fabricate and characterize these unique metallic and molecular structures reliably. Electrochemical methods are coupled with mechanically controllable break junction (EC-MCBJ) or scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) break junction (EC-STMBJ) methods to fabricate metallic point contacts and metal/molecule/metal junctions. With the designed electrodeposition method, the metal of interest (e.g. Au, Cu, Fe or Pd) is deposited in a controlled way on the original electrode pair, on a chip for MCBJ or on the STM tip, to make the metallic contact. Then, various metal atomic wires and molecular junctions can be fabricated and characterized systematically. Herein, we measured the quantized conductance through the construction of histograms of these metal atomic point contacts and of single molecules including benzene-1,4-dithiol (BDT), ferrocene-bisvinylphenylmethyl dithiol (Fc-VPM), 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY), 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (BPY-EE), and 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (BPY-EA). Finally, we briefly discussed the future of EC-MCBJ and EC-STM for nanoelectronics and devices, for example, for the formation of heterogeneous metal-based atomic point contacts and molecular junctions.

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Computing the Properties of Materials from First Principles with SIESTA

Sánchez‐Portal

Ordejón

Canadell

Structure and Bonding

110

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Current-Voltage Curves of Atomic-Sized Transition Metal Contacts: An Explanation of Why Au is Ohmic and Pt is Not

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Atomic configuration, conductance, and tensile force of platinum wires of single-atom width

Electrochemically Assisted Fabrication of Metal Atomic Wires and Molecular Junctions by MCBJ and STM‐BJ Methods

Computing the Properties of Materials from First Principles with SIESTA

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