Current–voltage characteristics of a tetracene crystal:Space charge or injection limited conductivity?

Reynaert, Johan; Arkhipov, V. I.; Borghs, Gustaaf; Heremans, Paul

doi:10.1063/1.1774274

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is known that the energetic disorder effectively reduces the injection barrier and thereby strongly enhances carrier injection. [17] This effect was observed in a similarly strong electronaccepting material, C 60 . [18,19] Since the dark current is not controlled by carrier tunneling across a high contact barrier, this casts doubts in the applicability to our devices of the model of photoinduced tunneling injection proposed elsewhere.…”

Section: Single-layer Devices Of F 16 Cupcmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials

et al. 2006

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Photomultiplication in conventional inorganic semiconductors has been known and used for decades, the underlying mechanism being multiplication by impact ionization triggered by hot carriers. Since neither carrier heating by an electric field nor avalanche multiplication are possible in strongly disordered organic solids, charge multiplication seems to be highly unlikely in these materials. However, here the photomultiplication observed in the bulk of a unipolar disordered organic semiconductor is reported. The proportion of extracted carriers to incident photons is experimentally determined to be in excess of 3000 % in a single‐layer device of the air‐stable, n‐type organic semiconductor F16CuPc (Pc: phthalocyanine). This effect is explained in terms of exciton quenching by localized charges, the subsequent promotion of these detrapped charges to the high‐mobility energy band of the density‐of‐states (DOS) distribution, and subsequent slow equilibration within this broad intrinsic DOS. Such a mechanism allows multiple replenishment of the optically released charge by mobile carriers injected from an Ohmic electrode. Also shown is photomultiplication in double‐layer devices composed of layers of donor and acceptor small‐molecule materials. This result implies that, apart from exciton dissociation at a donor/acceptor interface, exciton energy transfer to trapped carriers is a complementary photoconductivity process in organic solar cells. This new insight paves the way to cheap, highly efficient organic photodetectors on flexible substrates for numerous applications.

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Section: Single-layer Devices Of F 16 Cupcmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials

et al. 2006

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“…Addition of ethynyllithium (or ethynyl Grignard reagent) to pentacenequinone and treatment of the resulting diol with tin(II) chloride yields the desired pentacene in good yield (Scheme 7). Phenylethynyl-substituted pentacenes (58,59) are among the earliest reported functionalized pentacenes. These materials were prepared because of their bright red fluorescence for chemiluminescent systems.…”

Section: Ethynyl Pentacenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[57] The SCLC for crystals of 1 is only weakly temperature dependent, implying the limiting factors are injection phenomena, not carrier transport issues. [58] Nevertheless, some samples of 1 have been prepared with electrode contacts sufficiently good to observe the necessary trap-free SCLC regime, [56] yielding hole mobility as high as 1 cm 2 V À1 s À1 . Samples in this study with mobilities greater than 0.1 cm 2 V À1 s À1 generally exhibited an increase in hole mobility as temperature was lowered, but it decreased abruptly at 180 K owing to the phase transition.…”

Section: Field-effect Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Larger Acenes: Versatile Organic Semiconductors

2007

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Acenes have long been the subject of intense study because of the unique electronic properties associated with their pi-bond topology. Recent reports of impressive semiconductor properties of larger homologues have reinvigorated research in this field, leading to new methods for their synthesis, functionalization, and purification, as well as for fabricating organic electronic components. Studies performed on high-purity acene single crystals revealed their intrinsic electronic properties and provide useful benchmarks for thin film device research. New approaches to add functionality were developed to improve the processability of these materials in solution. These new functionalization strategies have recently allowed the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene, which have hitherto been largely unavailable and poorly studied, as well as investigation of their associated structure/property relationships.

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“…[57] Der SCLC ist für Kristalle von 1 nur wenig temperaturabhängig, also sind Injektions-und nicht Ladungstransportphänomene die bestimmenden Faktoren. [58] Die Güte der Elektrodenkontakte einiger Proben von 1 war für eine Untersuchung des wichtigen senkenfreien SCLC-Bereichs ausreichend; [56] Es gibt mehrere Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Grenzflächenkontakts in laminierten Tetracen-Einkristall-FETs. [53] Weil der Kristall elektrostatisch vom Transistor gebunden wird (der aus einem Siliciumwafer und einer SiO 2 -Schicht besteht, Abbildung 6), wurde vermutet, dass die Haftung und der elektronische Kontakt durch die Behandlung der Oberfläche des Dielektrikums sowie der Source-und DrainElektrode verbessert werden kann.…”

Section: Messungen Des Raumladungsbegrenzten Stromsunclassified

Höhere Acene: vielseitige organische Halbleiter

Anthony

2007

Angewandte Chemie

482

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Acene werden wegen ihrer einzigartigen elektronischen Eigenschaften, die auf der Topologie ihrer π‐Systeme beruhen, seit langem untersucht. Berichte über die bemerkenswerten Halbleitereigenschaften höherer Homologe haben in letzter Zeit zu verstärkten Forschungsaktivitäten geführt. Es wurden neue Verfahren zur Synthese, Funktionalisierung und Reinigung sowie zur Herstellung organoelektronischer Bauteile entwickelt. Durch Untersuchungen an hochreinen Acen‐Einkristallen wurden die charakteristischen elektronischen Eigenschaften und Kenngrößen für die Beurteilung von Dünnschichtbauteilen ermittelt. Um die Verarbeitbarkeit in Lösung zu verbessern, wurden neuartige Funktionalisierungsmethoden entwickelt. Die für elektronische Anwendungen erwünschten Eigenschaften nichtfunktionalisierter Acene bleiben bei der Funktionalisierung erhalten. Mit diesen Verfahren wurden kürzlich Derivate höherer Acene als Pentacen, die zuvor kaum zugänglich waren, erhalten, sodass Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen untersucht werden konnten.

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Current–voltage characteristics of a tetracene crystal:Space charge or injection limited conductivity?

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials

Photomultiplication in Disordered Unipolar Organic Materials

The Larger Acenes: Versatile Organic Semiconductors

Höhere Acene: vielseitige organische Halbleiter

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