Current views on the regulation of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation via the Calvin cycle in bacteria

Dijkhuizen, Lubbert; Harder, W.

doi:10.1007/bf02386221

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This conclusion is supported by the stronger repression of RuBisC/O synthesis observed in (carbon-excess) batch cultures (Meijer et al 1990a) compared to (carbon-limited) continuous cultures, and the clearly more pronounced derepressing effect exerted by methanol (compared to formate) addition under the latter growth conditions (this study). As proposed previously for other facultatively autotrophic bacteria (Dijkhuizen and Harder 1984), control of the synthesis of this key enzyme of the Calvin cycle in Xanthobaeter strain 25 a thus appears to be comparable to that observed for other biosynthetic pathways, namely feedback repression by endproduct(s) of the pathway. In order to unravel the molecular details of this control system the genes involved will have to be cloned and regulatory proteins identified.…”

Section: Growth On Mixtures Of Acetate and Methanol In Chemostat Culturesupporting

confidence: 84%

Regulation of methanol oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation in Xanthobacter strain 25a grown in continuous culture

1991

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Regulation of methanol oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation in Xanthobacter strain 25a grown in continuous culture Croes, L.M.; Meijer, Wilhelmus; Dijkhuizen, L. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract. The regulation of Cl-metabolism in Xanthobacter strain 25 a was studied during growth of the organism on acetate, formate and methanol in chemostat cultures. No activity of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), formate dehydrogenase (FDS) or ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisC/O) could be detected in cells grown on acetate alone over a range of dilution rates tested. Addition of methanol or formate to the feed resulted in the immediate induction of MDH and FDH and complete utilization (D = 0.10 h-1) of acetate and the Cl-substrates. The activities of these enzymes rapidly dropped at the higher growth rates, which suggests that their synthesis is further controlled via repression by "heterotrophic" substrates such as acetate. Synthesis of RuBisC/O already occurred at low methanol concentrations in the feed, resulting in additive growth yields on acetate/methanol mixtures. The energy generated in the oxidation of formate initially allowed an increased assimilation of acetate (and a decreased dissimilation), resulting in enhanced growth yields on the mixture. RuBisC/O activity could only be detected at the higher formate/acetate ratios in the feed. The data suggest that synthesis of RuBisC/O and CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in Xanthobacter strain 25 a is controlled via a (de)repression mechanism, as is the case in other facultatively autotrophic bacteria. Autotrophic CO2 fixation only occurs under conditions with a diminished supply of "heterotrophic" carbon sources and a sufficiently high availability of suitable energy sources. The latter point is further supported by the clearly more pronounced derepressing effect exerted by methanol compared to formate. Offprint requests to: L. DijkhuizenAbbreviations: FDH, formate dehydrogenase; FBPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; MDH, methanol dehydrogenase; PQQ, pyrrolo quinoline quinone; PRK, phosphoribulokinase; RuBisC/O, ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; RUMP, ribulose monophosphate; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle

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Section: Growth On Mixtures Of Acetate and Methanol In Chemostat Culturesupporting

confidence: 84%

Regulation of methanol oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation in Xanthobacter strain 25a grown in continuous culture

1991

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“…A potential explanation for this response could be that cells undergo major shifts in protein and lipid composition during stationary phase, as it is known that lipid synthesis can increase the demand for CO 2 (Merlin et al, 2003). Anaplerotic reactions to replenish TCA cycle intermediates or to synthesize amino acids and nucleotides may also be intensified when the extant organic precursors are not available to satisfy cellular requirements (Dijkhuizen and Harder, 1984). Additionally, carboxylation reactions are involved in the degradation pathways of some organic compounds, such as leucine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These microorganisms fix CO 2 mainly via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (Bassham and Calvin, 1957), or, as recently shown for Archaea, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway (Berg et al, 2007). Additionally, heterotrophic bacteria rely on organic compounds for C supply, but also incorporate CO 2 via a variety of carboxylation reactions as part of their central or peripherical metabolic pathways (Dijkhuizen and Harder, 1984). These pathways, which also contribute to the CO 2 assimilation by chemoautotrophs, are involved in anaplerotic reactions, and the synthesis of fatty acids, nucleotides and amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High bicarbonate assimilation in the dark by Arctic bacteria

et al. 2010

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Although both autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms incorporate CO 2 in the dark through different metabolic pathways, this process has usually been disregarded in oxic marine environments. We studied the significance and mediators of dark bicarbonate assimilation in dilution cultures inoculated with winter Arctic seawater. At stationary phase, bicarbonate incorporation rates were high (0.5-2.5 lg C L À1 d À1 ) and correlated with rates of bacterial heterotrophic production, suggesting that most of the incorporation was due to heterotrophs. Accordingly, very few typically chemoautotrophic bacteria were detected by 16S rRNA gene cloning. The genetic analysis of the biotin carboxylase gene accC putatively involved in archaeal CO 2 fixation did not yield any archaeal sequence, but amplified a variety of bacterial carboxylases involved in fatty acids biosynthesis, anaplerotic pathways and leucine catabolism. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the seawater cultures (40-70% of cell counts), followed by Betaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria as shown by catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARDFISH). Both Beta-and Gammaproteobacteria were active in leucine and bicarbonate uptake, while Flavobacteria did not take up bicarbonate, as measured by microautoradiography combined with CARDFISH. Within Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudoalteromonas-Colwellia and Oleispira were very active in bicarbonate uptake (ca. 30 and 70% of active cells, respectively), while the group Arctic96B-16 did not take up bicarbonate. Our results suggest that, potentially, the incorporation of CO 2 can be relevant for the metabolism of specific Arctic heterotrophic phylotypes, promoting the maintenance of their cell activity and/or longer survival under resource depleted conditions.

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“…On the basis of studies with Pseudomonas oxalaticus and A. eutrophus it was proposed that a metabolite related to acetyl coenzyme A or phosphoenolpyruvate acts as a sensor for the intracellular carbon concentration (11,12,20,34,40). Lowering of the concentration of this sensor metabolite signals a depletion of utilizable substrates and a need for CO2 fixation.…”

Section: Phosphoglycerate Kinase Of Xanthobacter Flavusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase of Xanthobacter flavus required for autotrophic CO2 fixation is not encoded by the cbb operon

Meijer

1994

J Bacteriol

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During autotrophic growth of Xanthobacterflavus, energy derived from the oxidation of hydrogen methanol or formate is used to drive the assimilation of CO2 via the Calvin cycle. The genes encoding the Calvin cycle enzymes are organized in the cbb operon, which is expressed only during autotrophic growth. Although it has been established that the transcriptional activator CbbR is required for the expression of the cbb operon, it is unclear whether CbbR is the only factor contributing to the regulation of the cbb operon. This paper describes the isolation of X. flavus mutants which were affected in the regulation of the cbb operon. One of the mutant strains was subject to an enhanced repression of the cbb operon promoter by the gluconeogenic substrate succinate and in addition failed to grow autotrophically. (9,32,33). A second fructosebisphosphatase gene required for heterotrophic growth is constitutively expressed (31,33).Transcription of the cbb operon is dependent on a LysRtype activator encoded by cbbR which binds to a low-and high-affinity site in the cbb operon promoter (45). Physiological studies have shown that high-level expression of the cbb operon is dependent on the absence of multicarbon substrates and the presence of methanol, formate, or hydrogen (9, 33). Although it has been established that CbbR is important in the transduction of these signals to the transcription apparatus (45), it is unclear how this is accomplished and whether CbbR is the only factor involved. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanism for the regulation of the cbb operon, a method that allowed the isolation of X flavus mutants with altered regulation of the cbb operon promoter was developed.The cbb operon promoter is not active during heterotrophic * Phone: (31)50-632150. Electronic mail address: meyerwg@biol.rug.nl. growth of X. flavus on succinate; however, when X flavus harbors multiple copies of the cbb operon promoter a low level of cbb operon promoter activity is observed during growth on succinate (26,30,32). This property was exploited to isolate X flavus mutants that lacked cbb operon promoter activity under these conditions and in addition failed to grow autotrophically. This paper describes the characterization of one of these mutants, X flavus G7, which was shown to be defective in phosphoglycerate kinase. This enzyme, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, is required both for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and for CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. In this paper, evidence that in contrast with the fructosebisphosphatase isoenzymes, X flavus employs only a single phosphoglycerate kinase that is responsible for both these functions is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and plasmids. The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1.Media and growth conditions. Escherichia coli strains were grown on Luria-Bertani medium at 37°C (41). X flavus strains were grown on yeast extract (0.8% [wt/vol]) or in minimal media (27)...

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Current views on the regulation of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation via the Calvin cycle in bacteria

Cited by 53 publications

References 54 publications

Regulation of methanol oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation in Xanthobacter strain 25a grown in continuous culture

Regulation of methanol oxidation and carbon dioxide fixation in Xanthobacter strain 25a grown in continuous culture

High bicarbonate assimilation in the dark by Arctic bacteria

The Calvin cycle enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase of Xanthobacter flavus required for autotrophic CO2 fixation is not encoded by the cbb operon

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