Current Understanding of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Mattoo, Tej K.; Sanjad, Sami A.

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2022.08.002

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Frequent relapses led to a strong sense of uncertainty among the parents of INS youth, and increase the risk of complications such as thrombosis, infections, malnutrition and dyslipidaemia. 6 This observation in agreement with previous studies, which may adversely affect the health and physical and psychological well-being of parent caregivers and the INS youth they care for. 30,31 Therefore, healthcare professionals should provide parental caregivers with stage-by-stage, targeted health education based on the actual condition of the child, and encourage parental caregivers to actively participate in treatment and care, so as to reduce the emotional and physical burden.…”

Section: Dovepresssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…5 These patients usually require immunosuppressive agents or steroid-sparing agents to minimize relapses. 6 Complications, either of treatment or secondary to the disease, are extremely common. 7 Previous studies have shown that INS negatively affects the psychological well-being, personal and social growth of youth, as well as reduces the quality of life of youth and their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burdens and Difficulties Experienced by Parental Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Mainland China: A Qualitative Study

Hu,

Wu,

et al. 2023

JMDH

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To identify the difficulties and burdens related to the experience of caring for children. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in this qualitative study. Semi-structured and adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in mainland China. Interviews lasting 35-90 minutes were conducted with 13 parental caregivers of youth with INS. The Colaizzi's analysis was used in data analysis. Results:The mean age of parental caregivers was 40.3 ± 6.1 years, and the average caregiving year of 3.2 ± 3.3 years. Most INS patients were male (69.2%), had a mean age of 7.6 ± 4.2 years. Based on the analysis of the data, five major themes emerged. These were: persistent emotional burden; neglected physical burden; overwhelming financial burden; absence of social support system and burden related to loss of normal life. Conclusion:Health professionals must develop strategies to provide stage-by-stage, targeted health education and psychological support services to parental caregivers of INS youth in China. The government must subsidize routine medications and frequent hospitalizations to minimize the financial burden on parental caregivers of INS youth. Moreover, anti-discrimination policies must be established to protect caregivers from explicit discrimination in public places.

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Section: Dovepresssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burdens and Difficulties Experienced by Parental Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Mainland China: A Qualitative Study

Hu,

Wu,

et al. 2023

JMDH

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“…However, children with INS are promptly treated with oral prednisolone as the first-line therapy which has a response rate of over 85%, resulting in complete remission of proteinuria and normalization of serum albumin levels ( 15 ). A biopsy is only recommended in children with a higher age of onset (>12 years), atypical clinical or biochemical features indicating a secondary form of NS, or in all children who fail to respond to steroid treatment (such cases are defined as steroid-resistant NS or SRNS) ( 16 ).…”

Section: Clinical Course and Treatment Of Focal Segmental Glomerulosc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circulating permeability factor in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Salfi,

Casiraghi,

Remuzzi

2023

Front. Immunol.

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The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and the post-transplant recurrence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are complex and remain yet to be fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of the immune system in both initiating and perpetuating the disease. Extensive investigations, encompassing both experimental models and patient studies, have implicated T cells, B cells, and complement as crucial actors in the pathogenesis of primary FSGS, with various molecules being proposed as potential “circulating factors” contributing to the disease and its recurrence post kidney-transplantation. In this review, we critically assessed the existing literature to identify essential pathways for a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of FSGS. Recent discoveries have shed further light on the intricate interplay between these mechanisms. We present an overview of the current understanding of the engagement of distinct molecules and immune cells in FSGS pathogenesis while highlighting critical knowledge gaps that require attention. A thorough characterization of these intricate immune mechanisms holds the potential to identify noninvasive biomarkers that can accurately identify patients at high risk of post-transplant recurrence. Such knowledge can pave the way for the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches in the management of FSGS.

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“…This result was confirmed by a recent literature review which mentioned that children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome presented with massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, which accombened with oliguria or anuria. (Mattoo & Sanjad, 2022).…”

Section: Child Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Health Instructions on Knowledge and Reported Practice of Mothers’ having Children Newly Diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome

Tawfique

Aboelmagd

Ahmed

2023

Egyptian Journal of Health Care

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Background: Primary Nephrotic Syndrome is a worldwide epidemic in pediatric nephrology. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of health instructions on knowledge and reported practice of mothers' having children newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Subject and method: A quasi-experimental (pre-post) research design and carried out in the urologic pediatric outpatient clinic at Pediatric Minia university hospital. Also, a purposive sample of eighty-five mothers who had children newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Two tools were used in this study to collect data: Tool I: Children and mothers' demographic characteristics, present the child's medical history, and mothers' knowledge level. tool II: mothers' reported practices. Results: the studied mothers having children newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome had unsatisfactory knowledge level regarding meaning, causes, manifestations, investigations, common treatment, and complications of nephrotic syndrome pre-health instructional program and improved after its implementation by three months with statistically significant differences. Also, more than one-third of the studied mothers had an average reported practice level in the pre-health instructional program increased to nearly two-thirds of them after three months from implementation of the health instructional program with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: health instructions program improved effectively knowledge level and reported practice of mothers' having children newly diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Recommendation: Perform continuous health instructions program about the nephrotic syndrome is effective especially for the newly diagnosed cases.

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Current Understanding of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

Burdens and Difficulties Experienced by Parental Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Mainland China: A Qualitative Study

Burdens and Difficulties Experienced by Parental Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Mainland China: A Qualitative Study

Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circulating permeability factor in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Impact of Health Instructions on Knowledge and Reported Practice of Mothers’ having Children Newly Diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome

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