Current Understanding of Humoral Immunity to Enterovirus D68

Vogt, Matthew R.; Crowe, James E.

doi:10.1093/jpids/piy124

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…High EV-D68 seroprevalence was noted in the United States before the outbreak in 2014 [11], raising the question about seropositivity and seroprotection. It has also been proposed that neutralizing antibodies could result from infections by other enteroviruses [14]. Our earlier study, however, showed seroconversion in confirmed EV-D68 infected children, all of whom developed mild respiratory symptoms [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Enterovirus D68 seroepidemiology in Taiwan, a cross sectional study from 2017

et al. 2020

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Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was discovered in 1962 and has unique characteristics compared to the characteristics of other enteroviruses. There were few documented cases before the epidemic in the United States in 2014. The Taiwan Centers for Diseases Control also confirmed that EV-D68 has been endemic, and some cases of acute flaccid myelitis were reported in Taiwan. To understand the current EV-D68 serostatus, we performed an EV-D68 seroepidemiology study in Taiwan in 2017. Methods After informed consent was obtained, we enrolled preschool children, 6-to 15-year-old students and 16-to 49-year-old people. The participants underwent a questionnaire investigation and blood sampling to measure the EV-D68 neutralization antibody. Results In total, 920 subjects were enrolled from the northern, central, southern and eastern parts of Taiwan with a male-to-female ratio of 1.03. The EV-D68 seropositive rate was 32% (26/82) in infants, 18% (27/153) in 1-year-old children, 43% (36/83) in 2-year-old children, 60% (94/ 156) in 3-to 5-year-old children, 89% (108/122) in 6-to 11-year-old primary school students, 98% (118/121) in 12-to 15-year-old high school students, 100% (122/122) in 16-to 49-yearold women and 100% (81/81) in 16-to 49-year-old males in 2017. Among preschool children, EV-D68 seropositivity was related to age (p for trend <0.0001), size of household ≧4 members (p = 0.037) and kindergarten attendance (p = 0.027). The seropositive rate varied among different geographic regions. Conclusion EV-D68 infection was prevalent, and its seropositive rates increased with age, larger household size and kindergarten attendance among preschool children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Enterovirus D68 seroepidemiology in Taiwan, a cross sectional study from 2017

et al. 2020

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“…Even though EV-D68 was rarely reported before the recent outbreaks, a high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies have reported in samples collected before 2014 (Vogt and Crowe Jr, 2018). This indicates that infection with EV-D68 has been common also before the outbreaks in 2014 and 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intra- and interpatient evolution of enterovirus D68 analyzed by whole-genome deep sequencing

Dyrdak

Mastafa

Hodcroft

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease. To investigate diversity, spread, and evolution of EV-D68 we performed near full-length deep sequencing in 54 samples obtained in Sweden during the 2014 and 2016 outbreaks. In most samples, intrapatient variability was low and dominated by rare synonymous variants, but three patients showed evidence of dual infections with distinct EV-D68 variants from the same subclade. Interpatient evolution showed a very strong temporal signal, with an evolutionary rate of 0.0039 ± 0.0001 substitutions per site and year. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the sequences suggest that EV-D68 was introduced into Stockholm several times during the 2016 outbreak. Putative neutralization targets in the BC and DE loops of the VP1 protein were slightly more diverse within-host and tended to undergo more frequent substitution than other genomic regions. However, evolution in these loops did not appear to have been driven the emergence of the 2016 B3-subclade directly from the 2014 B1-subclade. Instead, the most recent ancestor of both clades was dated to 2009. The study provides a comprehensive description of the intra-and interpatient evolution of EV-D68, including the first report of intrapatient diversity and dual infections. The new data along with publicly available EV-D68 sequences are included in an interactive phylodynamic analysis on nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d68 to facilitate timely EV-D68 tracking in the future.

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“…Even though EV-D68 was rarely reported before the recent outbreaks, a high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies have reported in samples collected before 2014 (Vogt and Crowe 2018). This indicates that infection with EV-D68 has been common also before the outbreaks in 2014 and 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and interpatient evolution of enterovirus D68 analyzed by whole-genome deep sequencing

et al. 2019

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Worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease. To investigate diversity, spread, and evolution of EV-D68 we performed near full-length deep sequencing in fifty-four samples obtained in Sweden during the 2014 and 2016 outbreaks. In most samples, intrapatient variability was low and dominated by rare synonymous variants, but three patients showed evidence of dual infections with distinct EV-D68 variants from the same subclade. Interpatient evolution showed a very strong temporal signal, with an evolutionary rate of 0.0039 ± 0.0001 substitutions per site and year. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the sequences suggest that EV-D68 was introduced into Stockholm several times during the 2016 outbreak. Putative neutralization targets in the BC and DE loops of the VP1 protein were slightly more diverse within-host and tended to undergo more frequent substitution than other genomic regions. However, evolution in these loops did not appear to have been driven the emergence of the 2016 B3-subclade directly from the 2014 B1-subclade. Instead, the most recent ancestor of both clades was dated to 2009. The study provides a comprehensive description of the intra- and interpatient evolution of EV-D68, including the first report of intrapatient diversity and dual infections. The new data along with publicly available EV-D68 sequences are included in an interactive phylodynamic analysis on nextstrain.org/enterovirus/d68 to facilitate timely EV-D68 tracking in the future.

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Current Understanding of Humoral Immunity to Enterovirus D68

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Enterovirus D68 seroepidemiology in Taiwan, a cross sectional study from 2017

Enterovirus D68 seroepidemiology in Taiwan, a cross sectional study from 2017

Intra- and interpatient evolution of enterovirus D68 analyzed by whole-genome deep sequencing

Intra- and interpatient evolution of enterovirus D68 analyzed by whole-genome deep sequencing

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