Current Trends in Waste Plastics’ Liquefaction into Fuel Fraction: A Review

Matuszewska, A.; Owczuk, Marlena; Biernat, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/en15082719

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…on the compositions of pyrolysis products, Table S8: Effects of EA,1c on the compositions of pyrolysis products, Table S9: Effects of EA,2c on the compositions of pyrolysis products, Table S10: Effects of EA,3c on the compositions of pyrolysis products. Conversion of "Wax" into "LLp" k2,P 100.00 1.00×10 5 Lechleitner et al [15] Conversion of "Wax" into "Gasp" k3,P 249.00 5.00×10 14 Lechleitner et al [15] Conversion of "SOp" into "LLp" k4,P 166.00 2.90×10 8 Schubert et al [14] Conversion of "SOp" into "Gasp" k5,P 213.00 5.42×10 6 Schubert et al [14] Conversion of "LLp" into "Gasp" k6,P 150.00 6.17×10 7 Schubert et al [14] Conversion of "Wax" into "Char" k1,C 232.67 1.07×10 Highlights  A lumped model with six components describes the pyrolysis of polypropylene.  The model consisted of ten monomolecular, irreversible, first-order reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis of plastic, specifically thermoplastics, to fuel has been shown to be a method for turning plastic waste into valuable products [5], and, therefore, could be a driving force for more proper collection of plastic waste. Plastic pyrolysis offers several advantages over other methods, including no generations of dioxins and furan [6], and the economic viability of the process [7]. This liquid fuel produced from pyrolysis can be used as a substitute for liquid fuels or as raw materials in the petrochemical industry [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of pyrolysis reactions of polypropylene using a six-lump model and simulation of pyrolysis process using Aspen

Pluemprasit

Porpruksa

Pusansaard

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the post-COVID-19 era, the demand for polypropylene (PP) has been growing for uses for medical and food packaging applications, resulting in the generation of a huge amount of plastic waste and its accumulation in the environment. This project aimed to develop a mathematical model that has predictive power for the pyrolysis process of PP. To overcome the limitations of existing kinetic data, we developed a six-lump model consisting of plastic molecules, melted plastics, heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, non-condensable gas, and char to describe the pyrolysis of PP. The six-lump model consisted of ten monomolecular, irreversible, first-order reactions. The initial values of the Arrhenius constants and activation energies of the reactions were set based on the kinetic constants from the literature. Then, the kinetic parameters were calibrated with an experimental dataset of the pyrolysis of PP to give a <10% difference between the compositions of the major products from the simulation results and the experimental data. The model was used to predict an optimum temperature for the production of pyrolysis oil, mass balances, carbon conversion, and energy efficiency of an industrial-scale integrated pyrolysis-condensation-combustion process using Aspen Plus. The proportion of pyrolysis oil reached the highest value at 460 °C. At this condition, the proportions of pyrolysis oil, char, and gas were 59.17%, 13.18%, and 27.65%, respectively, with carbon conversion and energy efficiency of 87.30%, and 87.56%, respectively. The simulation results predicted a higher yield of gasoline (0.3595 kg/kg of PP) than heavy diesel (0.2675 kg/kg of PP).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of pyrolysis reactions of polypropylene using a six-lump model and simulation of pyrolysis process using Aspen

Pluemprasit

Porpruksa

Pusansaard

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Therefore, in diesel engine testing, liquid fuel from PET pyrolysis will be mixed with diesel fuel, with a maximum of 20% of pyrolysis liquid fuel by volume, to maintain combustion characteristics and emissions similar to diesel fuel [40] IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012011 6 Although most studies only use one type of plastic in their pyrolysis, this is difficult to apply in practical use due to the mixed nature of everyday waste. Matuszewska et al (2022) reported that pyrolysis with mixed plastic feed resulted in 75-87% yield of bio-oil, while the remaining 13-25% comprised gas and char [41]. The bio-oil yield has a higher value when compared to the yield produced from the pyrolysis of HDPE and PET.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Technology For Plastic Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causes for this outcome, amongst others, are the complexity of these methods, their lengthy reaction times, excessive energy demand, or the bad quality of the obtained products [47]. A current study on plastic waste liquefaction into fuel technologies on the worldwide market reveals that only two companies have built a full-size pyrolysis plant: Plastic Energy and Cynar Plc [41]. Plastic Energy owns two operational plants (each with a capacity of 5,000 tons of plastic waste per year) in Almeria and Sevilla, Spain, which can convert one ton of plastic waste to 850 L of TACOIL (crude oil).…”

Section: Potential Quantity Of Liquid Fuel Produced By the Pyrolysis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 shows the calculation result for each scenario of estimated liquid fuel production using the pyrolysis process in Labuan Bajo. The produced liquid fuel was assumed to be distilled into three different fuels: diesel fuel (gasoil), gasoline, and kerosene [41]. The potential quantity of liquid fuel produced by the theoretical model is the highest, followed by calculations from Cynar plc and Plastic Energy yield.…”

Section: Potential Quantity Of Liquid Fuel Produced By the Pyrolysis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential quantity of liquid fuel from pyrolysis of plastic waste in Labuan Bajo

Haris,

Tilottama,

Robbani

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Labuan Bajo is one of the super-priority tourist destinations expected to attract more international tourists to increase foreign exchange. To make this a reality, a combination of programs that support tourism and master plans, including solid waste management, is needed. Private sectors have developed a circular economy to handle the plastic waste. However, this plan is constrained by the high cost of transporting plastic waste to recycling factories. Pyrolysis technology can be an alternative to treat solid waste without transporting it outside Labuan Bajo. A study of pyrolysis technology is needed before it can be applied, including the quantity of liquid fuel produced by the pyrolysis process. This liquid fuel can be utilised to fulfil the community demands, such as the demand for engine fuel. This research aimed to ascertain the potential quantity of liquid fuel produced by the pyrolysis process using plastic waste from Labuan Bajo. The calculation was carried out using two different scenarios: developed predictive theoretical model conversion and installed full-scale pyrolysis plant yield. The potential quantity of liquid fuel produced using the scenarios above is in the range of 3,075–2,763.83 L/day and can potentially supply 3.24–2.91% of Labuan Bajo’s liquid fuel demand.

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A review of the co‐liquefaction of biomass feedstocks and plastic wastes for biofuel production

Baloyi,

Patel

2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Interest has emerged recently in addressing the long‐standing issue of waste plastic disposal and environmental challenges through the co‐liquefaction of waste plastics with eco‐friendly renewable biomass resources, including microalgae biomass and lignocellulosic biomass, to produce biofuels. Co‐liquefaction provides a viable alternative for managing plastic waste while contributing to biofuel production. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advances in the co‐liquefaction of various mixtures of plastic waste and different types of biomass feedstocks (lignocellulosic and algal) for the production of biofuels.The influence of various reaction parameters, such as feedstock composition (blending ratio), temperature, catalyst type and loading, solvents, and reaction time on the product yield are explored. The synergistic interaction during the co‐liquefaction of biomass and plastic and the distribution and properties of biofuel products are also discussed.The findings demonstrate that maximum product yields vary depending on the final temperature, and the blending ratio plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of liquefaction products. Of particular interest is biocrude oil, the components of which are influenced by the composition of the feedstock material. The distribution of organic elements in the biochar is contingent upon the type of plastic used. Although the analysis of gas‐phase components is often overlooked, the reaction medium's composition is shown to impact the resulting gas composition.Finally, based on the insights gleaned from the literature, this review presents future perspectives on the subject matter. In general, the co‐liquefaction process offers a viable option for sustainable biofuel production and is a promising approach to address the waste plastics disposal challenges effectively, contributing to the valorization of plastic waste to achieve a circular bioeconomy in the future.

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Current Trends in Waste Plastics’ Liquefaction into Fuel Fraction: A Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 188 publications

Modeling of pyrolysis reactions of polypropylene using a six-lump model and simulation of pyrolysis process using Aspen

Modeling of pyrolysis reactions of polypropylene using a six-lump model and simulation of pyrolysis process using Aspen

Potential quantity of liquid fuel from pyrolysis of plastic waste in Labuan Bajo

A review of the co‐liquefaction of biomass feedstocks and plastic wastes for biofuel production

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